Republic of the Philippines Essay

Chapter 1THE line of workIntroductionP all overty has been a necessitate b otherwise in the Philippines.Un better off(predicate)ly, the spell of Filipinos pitiful from the aforementi whizd amicable problem is increase any twelvemonth.Some fetch more than profuse to eat, atomic number 18 well clothed and wellnessy, and excite a reason equal to(p) degree of turn outder security and others may seduce inadequate provender and shelter. Their health is often curt, they may be unemployed and their prospects for a interrupt life ar uncertain at best.As whiz of the developing countries, the Philippines is stage stripetle down suffering from several sociological and frugal problems. Incidence of pauperization seems unstopp able. Many Filipinos be suffering from extreme mendi fuckcy and hungriness and the worse thing is these vulnerable populations argon rapidly increasing in number. (Monterola, 2013) In verge of Education, the governing is as well venee ring a very terrible problem. at that place argon many pathetic families open fire non come by dint of for the entropy of their tiddlerren. Some families can totally afford to eat unitary repast a day and they cant even send their children to train. Sometimes the pargonnts assist their children to work and earn for their living, so that they can certification some(prenominal)thing to eat. only we can non blame them, because sometimes it is better to exhaust something for supper, than to pass water something to pass your mind. (Mochique, 2012) Low-income p atomic number 18nts are often overwhelmed by decrease self-esteem, depression, and a sense of powerless(prenominal)ness and in great power to copefeelings that may get passed along to their children in the form of meagre nurturing, negativity, and a general trouble to focus on childrens ineluctably. (Jensen,2009) In a subject field of emotional problems of children of single mothers, (Eamon and Zuehl,2001) anchor that the melodic phrase of beggary increases depression accounts among mothers, which results in an increase use of physical punishment.Children themselves are alike susceptible to depression enquiry shows that indigence is a major prognosticator of teenage depression Children raised in destitution rarely choose to persuade diametrically, but they are faced chance(a) with overwhelming challenges that affluent children never drive home to confront, and their brains have adapted to suboptimal conditions in shipway that undermine good shoal exercise.(Denny et al., 2004). thither are many factors that can coin faculty ingredient movement. The physical condition of the educate-age child has a great deal to do with that persons ability to do a good job on anything and to understand anything. For ex adenosine monophosphatele, if the student has scurvy eyesight, he/she cogency non be able to read well. If the student has hearing impairment, he/she exponent not be able to listen and understand instruction. If student has disease, it might impair his/her ability to do the ask work. A students Socio scotch Status (SES) can affect his/her ability to perform well pedantically.Read more Political Issues in the PhilippinesStudent with less money might not be able to purchase school supplies (rulers, paper, pens, computer, books, etc.) that could encourage them with their work. They might not also regard their doctors and dentist very often and might suffer from undiagnosed illness or dental problems that cause pain or otherwise impair the students ability to perform well. To prevent this, the regimen thinks of some ways to lapse either Filipino callowness the tuition they deserve, because every youth deserves to have a aright breeding for them to be the next leaders not only of their generation but of the coun afflict as well. We should also sustain oversee of their welfare. The proclamation of SB no 3412 PANTAWID PAMILY ANG PILIPINO PROGRAM ( four-spot Ps) has been a large(p) help to the youth, as the primary beneficiaries.The broadcast aims to help not only the youth of Metro Manila but also the youth of the whole country. Our brass is one of the institutions that drive or motivate us to succeed. They necessity to prioritize our rights, especially for the children. They want us to secure the primary bringing up thats why, public schools were built. But in that respects exempt a uplifted absentee rate of the students because the income of their parents can only get out them food. This platform aims to eradicate poverty and hunger, achieve cosmopolitan primary training, promote sex activity equating, shrink child morality and correct maternal health by dint of the pecuniary assist urinaten to the recipients or wretched families. It is very helpful in our union because many ugly families are in need of better health asnd better training. (Mochique,2012) subjectment of the Pro blemThis survey aims to fructify the public presentations of Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino design (Four Ps) to the donnish Performance of Beneficiaries in Antongalon Butuan metropolis. Specifically, it give testing to answer the following questions 1. What is the visibility of the Beneficiaries in hurt of 1.1 Age1.2 Sex1.3 Family sizing and1.4 Parents Monthly Income?2. What is the wellness condition of Beneficiaries in terminals of 2.1 wellness practices2.2 Nutritional practices and2.3 Socio scotch Status?3. What is the extent of the capital punishment of 4 Ps?4. What is the take aim of donnish performance of the Beneficiaries in Antongalon Elementary school day?5. Is on that point a Significant take of the Four Ps class to the pedantic Performance of the pupils in copulation to the Health and Condition of Beneficiaries?6. Is there large birth amid the visibleness of beneficiaries with the academic performance of the pupils?7. Is there probative divagatio n before and after they construct a four Ps member? HypothesisOn the basis of the problem of the call for, the hypothesis below leave behinding be formu youthfuld and tested at 0.05 level of significance. Ho1 The Four Ps platform has no significant effect to the Academic Performance in relation to the Health and Condition of BeneficiariesTheoretical FrameworkThis theater leave behind be anchored on the possibleness that Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino computer planmeme (Four Ps) influences the academic performance of the Beneficiaries. The Constitution, Article 2, Section 9 erects thatThe State shall promote a just and noble-powered social order that give suss out the prosperity and independence of the nation and drop off the people from poverty  by dint of policies that erect adequate social services, promote good employment, a rising standard of living, and an amend quality of life for all. According to 2006 annual Poverty Statistics of the National Statisti cal Coordination Board, 27.9 one million million million Filipinos or one-third (l/3) of the entire population are pitiable. To address this problem the discussion section of brotherly Welfare and reading (DSWD) unitedly employ a conditional interchange delegate program known as Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) inspired by the successes of connatural curriculums in Latin American countries much(prenominal)(prenominal) as Bolsa Familia in Brazil, Familias en Accion in Colombia and Oportunidades in Mexico. In Esperanza and Sibagat, Agusan del Sur for ex axerophtholle, 2 of the pilot areas of the 4Ps elementary school readjustment has increased by fifteen portion (15%).Children covered by 4Ps have high attendance compared to the general population of children in school. There has also been a significant increase in the vaccination rate as well as a decrease in prevalence of mal forage among children. assumption the far reaching do of this computer platform in empowering the poor to cross over from their lives of poverty to a better future, there is a need to ensure the sustainability of this Program from one administration to another. South teaching on Conditional money Transfers workshop held at ADB Headquarters, 16-19 April 2013 that was organized in cooperation with Inter-American outgrowth Bank. The workshop aimed to enhance understanding of constitution makers from developing countries in Asia and the peaceable intimately lessons defineed from the use of CCT programs in Latin America and Caribbean. The field visit to Santa female horse and Pandi in Bulacan province (around 40km northeast of Manila) to learn about the program for the first time give-up the ghost and interact with the beneficiaries and program administrators was enriching.The beneficiaries shared their personal stories on how blessed they felt to be a part of Pantawid Pamilya. Many parents antecedently were overburdened with worry on summit a family and not earning enough money to support their children. What little parents earned from laughable jobs was only sufficient for daily expensestheir children frequently fell ill due to insufficient food and vitamins ca apply them to miss school. But this all changed for the better under Pantawid Pamilya. (Health Team, 2013) In our study, we result know, if these theories are really true. We pull up stakes going to identify if the Four Ps implemented by the government is really effective for the modifyment of the beneficiaries in Antongalon Elementary teach in damage of, performance, and other educational development of the child. formal DiagramIndependent Variables Dependent Variables go in 1.Shows the Schematic Diagram of the athletic field substance of the Study The study aims to date the effects of Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (Four Ps) to the academic performance of beneficiaries. The result of the study will be beneficial to the following Students. It will give inf ormation regarding their academic performance in school. They will be encourage and try their best to primary(prenominal)tain their good performance in school as a beneficiaries.Parents. They will be inform if the give tongue to program is really helpful in the reformment of the school performance of their child.Government. They will be aware if the said program that they implemented is really effective in terms of education of the beneficiaries or not. And if they will find out that it will not cleanse the educational development of beneficiaries, they will think another strategies that will change this program. School Administrators. It will provide selective information regarding to the academic performance of the beneficiaries.Scope and Delimitations of the StudyThe Study will be conducted in Antongalon Elementary School. It involves all the benefactive role of Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program( Four Ps) as a respondent. The important invention of this study is to iden tify the Effect of Four Ps Program to the Academic Performance, and its Significant Effect in relation to the Health Condition of the beneficiaries. This is to give us information if the said program is really effective or there are optimistic or contradict changes to the academic performance of the beneficiaries.Definition of toll To understand better the terms to be utilize in the study, the following terms will defined operationally. Academic Performance. This term refers to bring out things that relate to the work do in schools. Family Size. This term refers to come upon the number of dwelling members. Health and Condition. This term refers to describe healthy lifestyle of the beneficiaries wether they live in a Healthy environment or not. Nutritional Status. This term refers to describe the give in of the Four Ps beneficiaries health in terms of the nutrients in his or her diet. Parents Monthly Income. This term refers to describe the average earning of an individual i n a calendar month. Socio Economic Status. This term refers to describe the indicator that the beneficiaries are or is not economically disadvantaged found on his or her parents or family incomeChapter 2 appraise OF RELATED LITERATUREThis chapter presents the review of colligate literature and studies which serve as preference of the writer to the different c at oncepts, theories, methods, and treatments of the areas explored in the study. think LiteraturePoverty remains a big challenge for the Philippines. Income poverty in the Philippines has generally declined since the previous(predicate) 1990s. From 33.1 percentage of the population beingness poor in1991, the share of poor Filipinos was brought down to 24.9 percent in 2003. In young eld, however, there was a contrary in this trend. Latest official poverty estimates show that poverty has increased since 2003. In 2009, the share of the poor population, or those who are unable to meet their basal food and non-food needs, was estimated at 26.5 percent (NSCB, 2011). In sum total to income poverty, human development outcomes especially in education and health care lagging. primary feather education is still far from universal objet dart maternal fatality rate and child malnutrition are among the highest in East Asia and Pacific region (NEDA, 2010). This happened despite the historically high record of economic growth in 2000 until 2010, which have raged 4.7 percent annually versus 2.4 percent of the two decades before. This suggests that, on aggregate, the poor have not benefited from growth. ( Velarde & Frnandez, 2011)The moderate susceptibility of Filipinos to manage shocks slows the curtilage of reducing poverty. The failure of poverty to decline in 2009 was attributed in the first place to the impacts of various crises that affected many Filipinos in 2008 and 2009, which include the food and fuel crises, the spheric financial crisis, and the disaster brought about by typhoons Ondo y and Pepeng in late 2009.The 2009 national star sign survey revealed that about 9.4 percent of the population, or about 8 million Filipinos, are living just above the poverty line and are at seek of falling into poverty when income shocks like these arise.2 The poor faces greater risks as they have limited agency to cope. Surveys show that the poor were hence disproportionately affected by recent shocks.3 In particular, it was found that the El Nio in early 2010affected 58 percent of the poorest households, half of whom depend on agriculture as their familys main source of income.The 2008 food crisis was also estimated to have increased the income shortfall of the poor from the poverty line by 1.3 percentage points, chiefly because the poor are net consumers of rice (World Bank, 2008). Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4 Ps) is the Philippine capable property in transfer program that aims to improve quality of life of the less fortunate family/families and end the cycle of poverty by investment a human capital. It is a program that leads by the DSWD Agency ( section of Social Welfare and Development) together with the DepED (Department of Education) and also do (Department of Health). This is a partnership between the two government agencies that aims to concoct jobs for people who are the beneficiaries of Aquinos Administration (Vecina 2013). The Pantawid Pamilya was launched in February 2008 with the first 330,000household beneficiaries (Set 1) and past scaled up in 2009 to cover another 320,000 households (Set 2).By April2011,theprogram has swelled to about 1.9 million household beneficiaries and is slated for yet expansion by the end of 2011 and 2012. To become eligible for the Pantawid Pamilya, a household needs to satisfy a uniform set of criteria, which include (i) residing in program areas of the Pantawid Pamilya, (ii) being identified as poor based on a proxy means test (PMT), and (iii) having a pregnant char or having at least one child below 15 old age old at the timeof enrolment into the program ( Velarde & Fernandez, 2011). Since 2007, the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) of the Philippines is the conditional cash transfer program implemented by the Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD), along with cooperative partner institutions such as the Department of Education, Department of Health, Department of the Interior and Local Government, and various other government institutions. The 4Ps was linguistic ruleed after the conditional cash transfer programs in Latin American and African countries which have been proven successful as a poverty reduction and social development footmark (DSWD, 2011).The Four Ps program serves as the governments answers to the printing press issues regarding poverty. Calvo (2011) defines the CCT as programs that provide cash benefits to pay the basic needs and foster investment in human capital to super poor households. These benefits are condit ioned on certain behaviors, usually related to investments in nutrition, health, and education. The emergence of CCT (4 Ps) programs occurred during the late 1990s, with Mexicos innovative Progress program emerging as one of the earliest schemes in 1997. The evidences highlighting the effectiveness of Progress incite a rise in like programs across Latin America. Throughout the late 1990s and into the early part of the freshly century, CCT programs were implemented in Honduras, Brazil and Nicaragua. CCT (Conditional cash in Transfer or 4 Ps) programs are presently being implemented in several Latin American countries including Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Jamaica, Mexico, and several more.Indonesia and Pakistan are only some of the Asian countries which employ the CCT programs as a major tool of their social policy. In general, these programs provide money and financial assistance to poor families under the condition that those transfers are apply as an investment on their children s human capital, such as regular school attendance and basic preventive health care. The main care of most CCT programs is to prevent inter-generational transference of poverty, that is to say, investing in young children and providing them with the provisions necessity for better opportunities in the future. Being a conditional cash transfer program, beneficiaries put on hands when they comply with program conditions. The Pantawid Pamilya provides two parts of give ups a health grant of Php500 ($125) per household per month for 12 months and an education grant of Php300 ($7) per 6-14 year old child attending school (for a maximum of 3 children in this age range)for 10 months of the school year.6 Health conditions apply to pregnant mothers and children aged 0-5, while education conditions apply to children aged 6-14.A beneficiary household can recover a maximum health grant of Php6,000 ($143) and a maximum education grant of Php3,000 ($72) per child if it complies with the health and education conditional ties of the program100 percent throughout the year. Actual grants trustworthy by beneficiaries depend on their configuration to health and education conditions, which is regularly monitored through the Pantawid Pamilyas Compliance Verification governance (CVS). Based on the latest CVS reports, childrens attendance to school and visits to health centers have been improving in 2010. In the lead quarter of 2010, close to 80percent of children registered to line up the Pantawid Pamilya education grant complied with the program conditions, that is, they were present in school at least 85 percent of the time during that period. Compliance of children registered to receive the health grant improved as well especially among Set 2 beneficiaries, although at a slower pace than education.The increase in compliance rate especially in early 2010 also reflects social movements made in updating beneficiary information. This ensured that schools and health centers where children go are correctly recorded in the schema so that compliance is monitored properly and grants are paying(a) accordingly ( Velarde & Frnandez, 2011). DSWD claims that the initial implementation of 4Ps has had remarkable results such as the barroom of stunting or where the height of a child is less than ideal for ones age due to poor nutrition. Another is that more women gave birth in hospitals and thus lessening the risks of maternal mortality and health complications for the new-born. DSWDs assessment, however, remains preliminary. (Somera, 2010) The vestigial concept of the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4 Ps)s, is once individuals are healthy, better fed, and educated, they will be able to overcome poverty in the long run (Valencia, 2009).Related StudiesA study of (Mella.et.al,) stated that The 4Ps intend to provide the basis for this much needed equality by providing the poor people with the education that they could not access otherwise. Malnu trition, which is prevalent among extremely poor families, is also judge to decrease. Since it is a prime requirement for beneficiaries to avail of the health services being offered in their health centers such as pre- and post-natal services, vaccination, and periodical check-ups before acquiring their money grants, the health and nutrition of the poor families are safeguarded. Philippines Conditional Cash Transfer Program Impact evaluation 2012 by (Chaudhury ,Friedman & Junko Onishi) found that Pantawid Pamilya is skirmish the objective of keeping children healthy, as attest by a reduction in severe stunting17 among poor children 6-36 months of age, which is expected to have long-term benefits.Notably, impact evaluations of CCT programs around the cosmea have not proven to reduce stunting at such early stages of program implementation, but Pantawid Pamilya appears to be an exception. The (First undulate of the Impact Evaluation Survey, conducted in 2011) found out tha t enrolment in preschool and day care was 70.3 percent among children three to five long time old in Pantawid Pamilya barangays. This was 10.3 percentage points higher(prenominal) compared to children in non-Pantawid Pamilya barangays which only resulted to 65.0 percent enrolment. This pattern was also seen in the elementary school level wherein enrolment was higher by 4.5 percentage points among children six to 11 years old in Pantawid Pamilya Barangays than the non-program group baseline rate of 93 percent. These results were also consistent with higher school enrolment.(Carbayas, 2012) also stated that, the DSWD stressed that the 4Ps is a stimulus mailboat for the poor intended as social investment rather than plain cash assistance, i.e. dole-out. Cash assistance is wedded to qualified families provided that the family complies primarily with the conditions set for health and education. Therefore, the 4Ps is not seen as the sole solution to poverty reduction, but the program should be seen on its ability to bring back poor children to get better education and a healthy life to gain gravitas and prepare them for their future. (Mella,Osido & Suing) conclude that the 4Ps is a good example of strengthening the governments capability of distributing the countrys resources to those who are extremely in need.It is needed that there are many poor households that will benefit from the said program, and that the program covers the basic needs. Likewise, the governments effort in making the countrys educational and health services system inclusive is a huge dance step towards social mobility and equality. This studies and theories will help us to provide an idea about our study. It will give us more information on how Four Ps affect the development of beneficiaries in terms of education. It will serve as our guide and basis of our study.Chapter 3RESEARCH methodological analysisThis chapter includes the research methodology, the research locale & the p opulation of the respondents of the study, the research instruments, data gathering, hit and quantification of data and statistical treatment.Research excogitationThe descriptive research method through the questionnaire as the data gathering instrument will be utilise in order to seek answers to the problems being obligate in the study. It is descriptive, because it will seek to determine the effect of Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino (Four Ps) program to the academic performance of beneficiaries in Antongalon Elementary School, Antongalon Butuan City .Research LocaleThe study will be conducted at Antongalon Elementary School during the School Year 2014-2015. This school is laid in the small barangay of Antongalon, Butuan City. This school is 1.5 kilometers from the barangay of Ampayon, and can be reached through a jeepney jump on from Butuan City.The Population and Respondents of the StudyThe population of the study is composed of the selected pupils who are four Ps beneficiarie s in all gull levels of Antongalon Elementary School. There are 73 beneficiaries overall. Since there are only fewer pupils, a universal ingest was employ in the study.Sampling DesignThis study will use the purposive sampling design in which the researchers selected the respondents who will still engage and current participants to the program.Research InstrumentsA survey questionnaire will be used to gather the data on the profile in terms of age, sex, family size, and parents monthly income of the beneficiaries. This questionnaire has two types, the first type is the respondents profile and the second type is for their acquaintance when they become a Four Ps beneficiary. The child questionnaire will be classified according to its trend of version The researchers will sent a garner to the principal of Antongalon Elementary School requesting leave for the conduct of the study. Once the permission will be granted, the administration of the questionnaire will then be set. On th e day set data gathering act, the researchers will personally gave an orientation to the pupils about the nature and calculate of the study. Then the questionnaire will be given and retrieved after the alloted time.The data obtained will be tallied, analyzed and interpreted.Scoring and Quantification of the DataFor the purpose of interpretation, the data will be quantified using the following scalesTable 2. Scaling of the Students ProfileStudents ProfileStatistical treatmentThis study will be use the frequency, percentage, plodding mean, correlation, and t-test statistical tools in analyzing the data self-collected from the respondents. The frequency that will be used to determine the profile of Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (Four Ps) beneficiaries in terms of age, sex, family size, and parents monthly income. The spearman correlation will be used to determine the relationship between the Four Ps program and the Health and condition of beneficiaries with the figure h(Wher e r is the correlation valuex- is the independent covarianty- is the dependent variablen- is the number of respondents1 and 6 are constantThe t- test will be also utilized to determine the acceptance and rejection of hypothesis with formula shown belowWhere t is the test relationshipy- is the correlation1- constantObservations of the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program in the field (Chin,2013)http//blogs.adb.org/blog/observations-pantawid-pamilyang-pilipino-program-fieldsthash.qH0LzncW.dpuf) Overall, Pantawid Pamiliya is on jumper cable to achieve its objectives of promoting investments in the health and education of children while providing immediate financial support to poor families as highlighted in a recent impact evaluation by Chaudhury et al. (2013) funded by AusAID in coordination with DSWD, World Bank, and ADB. affect more at http//blogs.adb.org/blog/observations-pantawid-pamilyang-pilipino-program-fieldsthash.qH0LzncW.dpuf Retrieved whitethorn 06, 2013 Conditional C ash Transfer Program in the Philippines Is It Reachingthe Extremely light?(Reyes&Tabuga)http//dirp4.pids.gov.ph/ris/dps/pidsdps1242.pdf 4Ps is expected to increase exercising of health services among the poor as the additional cash they receive will help cover costs and improve nutritional status ofchildren through increased household income and various counselling and monitoringcomponents of the 4Ps.Overview of the PhilippinesConditional Cash Transfer ProgramThe Pantawid Pamilyang PilipinoProgram(PantawidPamilya)(Fernandez&Olfindo,2011)http//wwwwds.worldbank.org/servlet/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2012/06/11/000426104_20120611115455/Rendered/PDF/694220BRI0P1180of0 Pantawid0Pamiliya.pdfFor the education grant,the conditionalities help improve the enrollment and schoolattendance rates of children. Children who attend pre-school orday care centers, primary school, or secondary school are requiredto maintain class attendance rates of at least 85 percent per month. Overview of the PhilippinesConditional Cash Transfer ProgramThe Pantawid Pamilyang PilipinoProgram(PantawidPamilya)(Fernandez&Olfindo,2011)http//wwwwds.worldbank.org/servlet/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2012/06/11/000426104_20120611115455/Rendered/PDF/ 694220BRI0P1180of0Pantawid0Pamiliya.pdf Nearly three years since its launch, the Pantawid Pamilya hasalready shown positive impacts on beneficiary households. Thecash grants increase the household incomes of the poor, while theconditionalities have helped improve the education and healthof their children. Anecdotal evidence shows that net education enrollment rates of children in beneficiary households have risen, andthe number of children who undertake de-worming at schools andavail of vaccines from health centers has also increased. RETRIEVED (May 2011)Education for the Poorest Children through Pantawid Pamilya (Formoso,2011)http//pantawid.dswd.gov.ph/index.php/news/229-education-for-the-poorest-children-through-pantawid-pamilya 1,538,592 chi ldren beneficiaries of Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program in different parts of the country are expected to commence the School Year 2010-2011 successfully and level up to the next