Clinical Manifestations, Causes and Treatments for Lupus Research Paper

Clinical Manifestations, Causes and Treatments for Lupus - Research Paper Example There are a number of variations of lupus, with the most common being systemic lupus erythematosus which affects the entire body. The causes of lupus are not fully known, although stress has been shown to play a role in the appearance of symptoms, and the presence of the disease itself is thought to be genetically linked. There is no known cure for the disease, although medication and treatment can help to alleviate some of the symptoms. Nevertheless, lupus sufferers can often lead relatively normal lives, and more than 80 percent survive the first ten years after diagnosis. Thesis statement Lupus is an autoimmune disease that affects a large number of systems and is difficult to diagnose. However, despite the fact that there is no known cure for the disease, treatments are available, and most people can live normal lives. Introduction The name lupus is from the Latin word for wolf due to the appearance of a facial rash which was thought to resemble the bite of a wolf . However, not all suffers get the rash, and it is not always severe . Lupus is an autoimmune disease, which results in the body perceiving its own tissues as invaders and raising an immune response against it. The disease can be present in several different body systems and substantially ranges in severity. Some cases of the disease are life threatening, while others can be trivial and little to no effect on daily activity. The result of this is that the disease can be extremely difficult to diagnosis . The primary means of diagnosing lupus is through the use of an anti-nuclear antibody test (ANA). However, this is not fully reliable, as many people have positive ANA results that do not have lupus, and some forms of lupus do not trigger a positive ANA result. For example, although many people are diagnosed with lupus through blood screening, only around ten percent of these actually have the disease . Consequently, a range of methods are used for diagnosis, and patients are often misdiagnosed man y times before being correctly diagnosed with lupus. Lupus varies in intensity, it can flare up with stronger symptoms for a time, and it can go into remission for many years at a time. The exact causes of flares or remission are unknown, but research suggests that stress is a likely driver of the severity of the symptoms . One of the most recognizable aspects of lupus is the red rash that many patients get. In many cases when the rash heals, there is no trace of it remaining . While most lupus sufferers have systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), there are other variations of the disease. Types of Lupus Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) can affect all or most of the body, including the blood, joints, skin and often kidneys . The term â€Å"systemic† refers to all over, while erythematosus means red. This can affect any part of the body . The disease acts by the presence of antibodies in the bloodstream that attack components of the hosts system. Wherever these land, they cause inflammation and often pain. Symptoms vary substantially depending on where the antibodies are present. For example, some lupus patients have general aches, severe pain in their joints, a skin rash or an unusual blood count . SLE is the most common form of the disease, and this type is most often associated with the term lupus . For a person to be officially diagnosed with lupus (SLE variant), the disease must conform to four of 11 criteria. The criteria are broken down into three sections, the

Hunting Snake by Judith Wright Essay Example for Free

Hunting Snake by Judith Wright Essay First of all remember that we would never know what exactly the poet is trying to mention and non of the comments can said to be ‘wrong’ Great black snake represents the aborigin people in Australia and the person who gets scared of this snake is an English occupier. The word black is simply you can understand that it means black people and snake is a wild animal who lives on their own land but humans are the occupiers and the writer at the same time fears and admires the snake while the snake fled which mean the snake is also afraid of the people. As you can understand in present time, English people have started moving to Australia in order to get that place and the aborigins, the original people of Australia is being ignored at the same time we admire them but this admire is so extreme and unnecessary that we make them feel like theyre wild animals. And if you ever go to Australia, you would see that the tour guides would show the local people of Australia, the aborigins with their hands and we would admire them but we will never chat with them or have any talk between as we are scared and this is also the way we treat the wild animals. In the first stanza, we can see a perfect Picture of the atmosphere. The sky is in ‘gentlest’ way despite when the person sees that ‘great’ ‘black’ snake, we can understand that with using the word ‘great’, person admires the snake. But why is the word ‘black’ is used? As you can understand the color black represents darkness which humans fear. Also don’t we talk about racism, the ‘black’ and white people. We treat the black people as the same way, we act like they’re aliens, like they’re different from us and also we show an unnecessary amount of admire which makes them more alienated.

Teens and Sex - Abortion and Teenagers :: Argumentative Persuasive Topics

Abortion And Teenagers Throughout the semester, I have been researching information concerning abortion. Many people are totally against abortion, while others feel that there is nothing wrong with it. Some say that even if the fetus is one week or 45 weeks old it is still considered murder. Where do we draw a line? It is obvious that there will never be a right or wrong answer. Every women should have the right to do what she wants. Whether it is abortion or not. Some say that even contraception is wrong. Martin Luther called contraception homicide. One man said that who ever uses contraceptives would lose their souls. This does relate to abortion because if a couple only has sex just to initiate life, then there would be less diseases, very little abortions, and not many adoptions. Throughout the semester, I have been researching some of the many issues that relate to abortion. There are a few questions from type "A" category that I will try to answer based on what I have read throughout the semester. Many people often wonder what type of restrictions or shall I say rules are there for different states. In Pennsylvania, there is a requirement that teenagers show the consent of one parent or a judge, and another that puts a 24-hour waiting period for a woman after hearing a presentation from her doctor of alternatives to abortion. There has also been a provision that would have required women to inform their husbands if they wanted to have an abortion. Since states cannot ban abortion completely, they are trying to push restrictions like those in Pennsylvania. In most states, there will be a decision on whether or not teens have the right to obtain an abortion without involving their parents in the decision. Some say that if this actually goes through, then teens might seek an illegal abortion in their own state or might even consider self-abortion. States are also considering consent from the father and they are considering prohibiting the use of federal funds for abortions which might limit the teens options. Many pregnant teens avoid having an abortion, but then turn to adoption. It is estimated that approximately 3% of pregnant adolescents will place their infant for adoption. Some authors say that increasing the difficulty of having an abortion will have an effect on adoptions. They argue that pregnant adolescents will turn to adoptions instead, but then again the reason that there is such a low adoption rate is because of the legalization of abortions in the United States.

Forced Reading :: Reading Writing

Forced Reading Before I entered kindergarten, my mother, who had been an elementary school teacher, had me read and do arithmetic every day while my brother, four years my elder, was in school. I remember the days sitting at the dining room table. I was only four and my body was still disproportional to the furniture. The chair was too low and the table too high. My easy reader was on the table, and I strained to view it properly from my position. I fidgeted a bit as I wondered why I had to do this. I could hear the dogs outside. I wanted to play with them. I spotted my kitchen set in the next room. I wanted to play with it. My mother was in the kitchen baking something that smelled much more appealing than reading. She must have been looking at me through the pass-through window, as she caught me in my daydream and reminded me that I was supposed to be reading my book. The cat ran away from the man. I made my own story up in my head. The girl ran away from the table. She played with the toys. She was happy. I suppose, for quite a few years, I was a big disappointment to my mother as far as reading went. It wasn’t that I couldn’t read, it was that I never wanted to, and compared to my older brother, who read a book everyday, I was quite a let down. It might not have been such a dilemma to any other parent, but to my mother who’d taught and encouraged kids to read for many years, it certainly was. Kindergarten was successfully useless, as between recess and nap time there was only time for coloring, and none for reading or learning of any type. I kept this fact hidden from my mother, though I’m certain she knew as my daily dining table ritual continued throughout the year. When I started first grade, I finally started to appreciate some of my mother’s work. At the beginning of the year, everyone had to take a reading level test, and I ranked the highest among my classmates. I flexed my reading skills before everyone. I volunteered to read during class. I read to my parents, to my grandparents, to my dog.

Narcotics †Research Paper Essay

Narcotics Thesis Statement: Narcotics have valuable medical uses, however, illegal and excessive use of narcotics can endanger people’s lives because of its damaging effects on the mind and body. I.Narcotics Education A.Narcotics B.Kinds of Narcotics C.Characteristics and Medical Uses II.Narcotics Abuse A.Causes of Abuse B.Tolerance and Withdrawal III.Effects of Narcotics Abuse A.Effects on the Person B.Effects on the Family C.Effects on the Community IV.Treatment of Drug Abuses INTRODUCTION Narcotics play a big role in the field of medicine. It has a capability to reduce pain that you are feeling and even helps you to avoid anxiousness. But these drugs should be use properly or else it can cause a big damage in your health. It is very important for us to know something about these things. The study and findings that I have done regarding narcotics is really an important thing because you will be able to know how bad it can affects you when too much used and you will know how to avoid and fight against it. BODY NARCOTICS EDUCATION There are many kinds of drugs, and narcotics are one of them. Narcotics don’t always have bad results in one’s health. In fact, it’s one of the drugs that help ill people to reduce tension, anxiety and aggression. They are also effective pain relievers, used in cough medicine preparation and can induce sleep. These effects are really helpful when it comes on therapeutic setting but when improperly used, narcotics have adverse effects that may lead to abuse, and it will have a big effect on health of an individual who is involve. It can endanger people’s lives because of its damaging effects on the mind and body. The effects of narcotics abuse is felt not only by the individual but by the family, community, and society as well. NARCOTICS The term â€Å"Narcotic† was derived from a Greek word which means â€Å"to make numb.† Narcotics are drugs that relieve pain and induce sleep by depressing the central nervous system. Narcotics, primarily analgesics, produce several affects that relieve pain and induces narcosis that causes sleep. Narcotics, if administered prior to an operation, can enhance sedation and reduce apprehension and anxiety. These drugs have a very high potential for abuse. KINDS OF NARCOTICS, CHARACTERISICS, AND THEIR MEDICINAL USES 1.OPIUM – It is extracted from the seedpod of the poppy. It produces a gummy resin that creates narcotic effect. It can relieve severe pain, induces sleep, relieve anxiety and depression. 2.MORPHINE – It is extracted from opium in 1805 and later synthesized in its pure form. It is sold as a white powder in the drug market which is also called Dreamer or Miss Emma. 3.CODEINE – This is produced from gum of opium and has much milder effects. The common street name for codeine is School Boy. 4.HEROIN – It is synthesized from morphine but more powerful. It is used to help people to overcome their addiction to morphine. It is commonly called Horse, Junk Smack, and Scag. CAUSES OF ABUSE According to the National Statistics Office (2005), about 56.35% of the cases of drug abuse had friends or peers as the primary source of drugs. The causes of drug abuse are: 1.Pressure from peers; 2.Form of escape from problems and woes; 3.Relief from chronic pain caused by cancer and other diseases; 4.Psychological disorders, such as depression or emotional distress; 5.Use as a way out from stress of family life, work, and other concerns; and 6.Thrill and enjoyment in seemingly routine life. NARCOTICS ABUSE Narcotics abuse is the nonmedical use of narcotics. Narcotics abuse is widespread among the young people and the adults, as well as the poor and wealthy. It is, indeed, harmful and even life-threatening. It can ruin one’s life and one’s family. It can break down a person’s character, thus leading to the commission of criminal acts and even suicide. TOLERANCE AND WITHDRAWAL Tolerance is the condition where the standard doses of narcotics produce less effect or a person develops a state of resistance to the effects if the drug. Because of tolerance, the effect of narcotics diminishes with their chronic use. Thus, to maintain the same level of narcotic effect, a person must take more of it. Withdrawal is the reaction of the body when the regular use of narcotics is stopped. The narcotics dependent person experiences a withdrawal syndrome. In general, the symptoms of withdrawal include cramp, defecation, vomiting, and an increase in systolic blood pressure. A person who is excessively dependent may experience convulsions, respiratory failure, and death. EFFECTS OF NARCOTICS ABUSE The effects of narcotics abuse are similar but they differ in the degree of intensity, rate of onset, and the development of dependence. A.EFFECTS ON THE PERSON 1.Drowsiness 2.Loss of appetite 3.Inability to sleep well 4.May develop diseases such as hepatitis, tetanus, AIDS. 5.Skin abscesses 6.Inflammation of the veins 7.Congestion of the lungs 8.Loss of enthusiasm for work or study 9.Loss of personal care and hygiene 10. Psychological and physical dependence upon the drug B.EFFECTS ON THE FAMILY 1.Neglected responsibilities 2.Difficulty in keeping a job 3.Financial difficulty 4.Shame and embarrassment to the other family members 5.Disorganized and unhappy family C.EFFECTS ON THE COMMUNITY 1.Increased incidence of crime 2.Occurrence of different kinds of accidents, especially if the narcotic dependent is driving a vehicle. 3.Rampant stealing 4.Economic destabilization due to less manpower TREATMENT OF DRUG ABUSES Detoxification is the most common form of drug treatment. This is a process of eliminating a person’s dependent on drugs. Part of the detoxification process is to decrease the daily dose of drugs that the dependent person takes and thus gradually reduce withdrawal symptoms. Another method of dealing with drug dependent people is to form a support group of fellow drug dependents. They share their experiences and learn from one another. Together, they recover from their dependence and get better. 1 Agripino G. Darilag, Enjoy Life with P.E, and Health (Manila: SD Publications, Inc., 2009), pp.192 – 201.s BIBLIOGRAPHY Darilag, Agripino G. Enjoy Life with P.E. and Health. Manila: SD Publications, Inc., 2009.

Así es Mi Tierra essay

Asà ­ es Mi Tierra essay Asà ­ es Mi Tierra essay Asà ­ es Mi Tierra essayThe name of the song is Asà ­ es   Ã‚  Mi Tierra. The music is written by Pedro Gonzales. It is performed by  Ã‚   Irasema Terraza   and   Gustavo Cuautli. This a perfect example of the nationalistic song. It speaks about love to the native country and about its beauty.   The song belongs to the classical genre. Irasema Terraza   and   Gustavo Cuautli make a perfect duet where they combine Irasema’s soprano and Cuautli’s tenor. Their voices sound nice together and create a unique combination of male and female singing.   Gustavo Cuautli uses chest voice. The singers accomplish long and complicated singing patters very well. We may speak about good breath control and good mastery in singing vowels.The song is passionate and pathetic. Asà ­ es Mi Tierra is a confession of love to the native country. The authors of the song and singers express their deepest feelings and want to share these feelings with their audience. The song is reach with imaginary. It has a lot of epithets and metaphors. For example, the country is called â€Å"dark-skinned and vibrant†, â€Å"its heart is made of love†. The country is described like a living creature with passions and feelings. It has happy and sad moments and shares it with its citizens. The main message of the song is love for native country. The authors admire   their native land and want to share its good and bad moments. The singing is accompanied by piano, which is quite common for classical style.Prenda del Alma is a traditional   national song performed by the Los Lobos group. The composer is Pedro Gonzalez. The performer sings with the chest voice. The song is very melodious and the singer fulfills the task very well. The songis   tender and remorseful. It tells about unhappy love of two people who must leave each other. It uses a lot   of imaginary comparing feelings to nature in order to pass feelings and emotions better.   The music ians use some traditional musical instruments, such as bajo sexton and button accordion which give the song   more traditional sounding.La Barca de Guaymas   is a traditional song   performed by Linda Ronstadt. The composer of this song is unknown.   The genre of this song is folk song. Linda sings it with chest voice, which sound deep and touching. She also uses vibrato. The song is remorseful and sad. The speaks about losing all hopes and inner devastation. The singer perfectly passes the mood of despair and lose of hope.   Guitar and some traditional folk instruments, such as bajo sexton are used to accompany this song.Xochicuicatl   is song   is performed by Ixya Herrera. The author of   the song is Fermin Ferrera. The song is written in the traditional style. Ixya’s   rigorous voice perfectly suits the style. The song is performed with deep chest voice.   The song is tender and passionate. It  Ã‚   speaks about   joy of life and happiness. The sin ging is accompanied by the guitar.Linda Ronstadt’s   singing   of   El Sol Que Tu Eres is to touching and deep. This is a traditional song, which speaks about the hard fortune of the enslaved girl who asks the sun for help. The song of full of sorrow   and pity.   Ã‚  It   is full of imaginary and shows different pictures from the unhappy life of the girl who sings this song. Linda’s chest voice and rich sounding make the song sound special.   The use of breath is perfect and the singer passes long and complex combinations with the right breath. The song is accompanied by the guitar.La Borrachita   performed by Ixya Herrera is a traditional song. The author   of music is Ignacio Fernandez Esperon.   Ixya sings sincerely and passes its   mood. The singer uses a chest voice. The   manner of singing is   passionate and   sincere. The song speaks about desire to forget about unhappy love. The   text is simple but deep and sincere. Ixya Herrera makes her audience to feel compassionate to the love story she sings about. The song is accompanied by the violin and some traditional instruments.

Developmental State Essays

Developmental State Essays Developmental State Essay Developmental State Essay Objective of the Study The general objective of this brief study Is to assess the Implementation of developmental state paradigm In Africa using a comparative perspective of Ethiopia and South Africa. Significance of ten study Glen ten coalescence AT Tentacle Ana south Attract as developmental exemplars and as pivotal economic, political, and strategic actors in Africa, it would be noteworthy to compare their respective experiences on the implementation of the developmental state paradigm as it is currently being promoted and considered as the proper model to achieve development pursuit of the two nations. Doing so, without doubt, provides important insights into the dynamics of development in the two countries and potential lessons which could help to further capitalize on existing initiatives. Methodology This study would exclusively relay on secondary sources for its data requirement while thorough review of existing literature and descriptive methods are used as method of analysis. Limitation and scope of the study The focus of this study is confined to the experience of Ethiopia and South Africa because of the limited time available and the capacity of the study team. Due to same reason e could not take the different development models and more countries to compare one another and show why they failed and/or succeeded. The findings of the study are not also backed by rigorous econometric or similar analysis, which can be considered as major limitation. The study team believes the findings could have been more comprehensive and reliable had they been based on a panel data of different variables. Organization of the study Being a brief term paper, this study is not organized in chapters rather we Just have 4 major titles as parts. Thirdly, it is still the only African state that reduced the extreme poverty level of its citizens dramatically by half(except China and Indonesia ). Fourthly, feudalism, a bulwark for industrialization, had been abolished some 40 years ago and an enabling precondition for tapping the rural extra labor for industrial sector is potentially enormous. Finally, and most importantly, the existence of developmental-oriented adhering guided by realistic vision and long term development strategy are features that define the emerging democratic developmental state in Ethiopia. In the case of South Africa, despite the governments clear willingness to bring about development and eradicate inequality and poverty, these economic policies have not produced such results. There were positive results such as economic growth, a decrease in the fiscal deficit and inflation levels and additional social grant. The issue is that, these policies have not found solutions to South African biggest problems poverty and unemployment. The case for a democratic developmental state in Ethiopia and South Africa, it comes with conditions. Most of the literatures seem to be in agreement that the two countries have a lot of work to do before a democratic developmental state can be achieved. Certain services need to become a priority such as ensuring that the people of the two countries have a higher living standard, maintenance of democracy and finally a working relationship has to exist between the state, the media, civil society, and the private sector. It has to become a national alluding project with all nationals of the respective countries contributing to it, the overall political economy of the countries has to grow and transform.

Resistance to change

Resistance to change Introduction Resistance to change refers to actions that groups of people or individuals take when a change occurs in their environment and they perceive that change as a threat to their wellbeing. This implies that the perceived threat may not be real for the resistance to change to take place.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Resistance to Change specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The phrase ‘resistance to change’ is mostly used in organizations that face resistance when implementing strategic changes in their operations, portfolios, management, etc. It can however be applied in any situation where people resist change for a variety of reasons (Heathfield 1). This paper defines resistance to change, explains why people resist change, and explores the forms that resistance to change take. Why people resist change One of the main reasons why people resist change is ambiguity. People will read sinister motiv es in cases where change is imposed on them without proper explanations being made. The reason for change should therefore be clear to the affected parties in order to avoid resistance. Similarly, if the change agents do not consult the affected people during the change process, the latter are likely to resist the change. Organizations that impose changes as accomplished facts and those that do not communicate sufficiently to the affected people during the change process are likely to face greater resistance. Resistance to change is also greater in cases where pre-established working relations are threatened by the change. People affected by change also tend to resist changes if the benefits of the changes are outweighed by the challenges of the process of change and the challenges of the change itself. Changes that threaten the status, jobs, or power of people in an organization are also likely to face more resistance (Heathfield 1). Forms of resistance to change Resistance can be implicit or overt. Implicit resistance is the kind of resistance where people resist a certain change without being too vocal about it. It is common in cases where affected people are not allowed to disapprove management decisions openly. For instance, if an organization changes the technology it uses in its operations, workers may resist this change implicitly by being unreasonably slow. On the other hand, overt resistance is the form of resistance in which the people resisting change make their feelings about the change known. This may be in boardrooms or in a strike (Ford 1).Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Additionally, resistance can be deferred or immediate. In deferred resistance, the affected people take some time to evaluate the change before they resist to the change. In immediate resistance, the affected people express their displeasure towards the change right a fter the organization proposes the changes (Ford 1). Finally, resistance can cause functional conflict or dysfunctional conflict. Functional conflict means that the resistance to change helps the organization in achieving its goals. On the other hand, dysfunctional conflict means that the resistance to change leads to the organizations inability to attain its goals fully. It is therefore important to note that resistance to change is not always bad. Thus, resistance to change can benefit the organization in the end (Ford 1). Conclusion As evidenced in the discussion above, resistance to change is a major issue in organizations. It can result from real concerns by the affected people and it can be because of unjustifiable fears. Regardless of the cause, resistance to change takes a variety of forms that organization can use to develop effective corrective interventions. Ford, Jeffrey. Decoding Resistance to Change. 2009. Web. Sep 26. 2012. https://hbr.org/2009/04/decoding-resistance -to-change Heathfield, Susan. How to Reduce Resistance to Change. 2012. Web. Sep 26. 2012. https://www.thebalancecareers.com/how-to-reduce-employee-resistance-to-change-1918992

Putting Christ Last Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Putting Christ Last - Article Example The man seems convinced, but he excuses himself to go and bury his father. In response, Jesus told him that the dead should bury their dead. Another man was too anxious to follow Christ, to the extent of openly portraying his willingness. However, his heart and volunteerism is blocked by the desire of minding about his relatives.1 The church members often put him as the last option; hence, the excerpt is very relevant to the modern Christianity. They first fulfil their life issues then Christ comes last. For example, one focuses on his or her needs prior to paying the tithes. Prayers are an issue, as people never have enough time to pray. Church attendance is also poor due to ‘unavoidable issues.’ All these aspects illustrate how the Christians have put Christ last. Even sinners put Christ last. They are fully immersed into sin and it remains difficult for them to come out of it. The pleasures of the world have made them not to have a resting place for Christ. They want to enjoy the pleasure of the world for a bit longer. They are at the epitome of peer pressure, fearing what their friends would comment if they turn to Christ. With reference to Luke 9:62, the segments of the population that fail to prioritize Christ in their lives should not be in the kingdom of God. If one fails to recognize Christ while, on earth, Christ will also fail to recognize that person in heaven. We ought to put God first; he is a jealous God and pleasures in those who put Him

International Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 3

International Marketing - Essay Example One of the main objectives of the company is to promote healthy food for the betterment of the society and community. Kellogg’s cereal is manufactured in more than 20 countries in the world and is marketed in more than 180 countries of the world (Kellogg’s, 2013j). The company is headquartered at Michigan and the largest factory is situated in Trafford Park. Kellogg’s was formed by W.K. Kellogg’s in the year 1906 (Kellogg’s, 2013c). Kellogg’s maintains a diverse workforce and believes in promoting a healthy work environment (Kellogg’s, 2013f) for successful completion and attainment of goals (Kellogg’s, 2013d). In the year 2012 Kellogg’s was considered as the world’s second largest snack company after Pepsi Co Ltd by acquiring Pringles Potato chips from Procter &Gamble for an amount of $2.7 million (Kellogg’s, 2013k). The company has been offered several awards for delivering excellent performance and high q uality products like the â€Å"Top 50 Company for Diversity from Diversity Inc and â€Å"100 Best Places to Work† from Computer World (Kellogg’s, 2013e). Although, the brand has been successful in marketing cereals of varied flavours the company earns majority of its revenue from its core product which is the plain flavoured cereal. Marketing Mix of Kellogg’s The marketing Mix concept of Kellogg’s has become one of the most fundamental concepts of marketing management. It was essentially claimed by Borden who also named it as â€Å"Mixer of Ingredients.† The essence of marketing mix emerged as an asset of controllable variables also known as tool kit which was basically used to influence customer purchases and behaviour. However, it is observed that companies generally use the standardization or adapted version of marketing mix to adapt to the marketing environment (Birnik and Bowman, 2007).The decision to use a standardization or adopted marketin g mix is situation specific and should be thoroughly evaluated and assessed for relevant contingency factors. It is observed that most of US multinational corporations utilize the standardization marketing mix rather than the adopted one. Small and medium enterprises utilize the adopted marketing mix because it serves the purpose of the guide for adapting to the marketing environment. a) Product: Uniqueness of the product signifies that the product is dependent on firm and time specific factors. It also signifies that the company alters the core value of the product sometimes with the changing marketing environment (Birnik and Bowman, 2007). Apart from offering cereal in plain and other flavours the company also offers food products like raisin bran, frosted toaster pastries, flatbreads etc (Kellogg’s, 2013a). The main objective of Kellogg’s is to offer customers a unique breakfast food range. The plain flavoured cereal is the USP of the product and is offered for the entire mass but the cereal manufactured in varied flavours is a source of additional revenue. Thus, it can be stated that the company follows the standardization product market mix in manufacturing the plain flavoured cereal and the adopted approach in manufacturing its other convenience food. a) Price: The price range of Kellogg’s varies from product to product but the cereals are moderately priced for the affordability of the customers. However, the prices range of the certain food products like cookies, oatmeal, pastries are high priced for the additional flavouring content put in it.

Art Apprecition IP Week One Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Art Apprecition IP Week One - Essay Example There are far too many mediums, concepts, genres, intentions, perceptions, and possible presentations that assigning a simple verbal definition would, in fact, be a disservice. Like beauty, is not art in the eye of the beholder? More so, does assigning any absolute definition not limit the potential of what â€Å"art† can be? Art is something being ever â€Å"re-defined,† and therefore often defies definition. Ultimately, it may be impossible to ever truly construct a definition of art that could truly and wholly satisfy what it is intended to encompass. The definition of art is one of the greatest controversial subjects in modern contemporary philosophy. (Adajian,2012) We all have our own internal understandings of what strikes us as art. We know as individuals what elicits an emotional response, what triggers your thoughts and what captured moment on canvas or print that lures ones imagination. Art is many things; it is timeless and everlasting element of the human ex perience that allows us to express ourselves in fascinating, unique, and different ways. It has been said that art is the truest freedom of expression, that said then it should be free of the boundaries and limitations of simplistic definitions. Perhaps the reason that art cannot be well defined by words alone is because it is not just a word; it is feeling, thought, and life experiences. Part 2-Examples of Art†¦ Wassily Kandinsky was a respected abstract painter. This piece, â€Å"Autumn in Bavaria,† completed in 1908, oil on cardboard, is one of the few paintings that are far less abstract than the majority of his work. This piece is striking in its use color to imply the very lovely and familiar image of a lushly landscaped European country road. It has the brighter colors of spring and warm weather. This is a beautiful and breathtaking sculpture titled, â€Å"Expansion,† by Paige Bradley, is the visage of a woman in a relaxed, peaceful, and meditative pose. Un ique lighting effects were employed to create the illusion that the woman’s inner being, spirit, soul, energy is bursting free of its limitations, starting with its flesh. It is hard not be pulled into the image, because it is so serene and implies by the calmness of the figure that this metamorphosis from physical to light is not frightening or painful, but desirable and necessary. Do we not all wish we could escape our physical limitations and move beyond what we are today? This piece personifies that very human longing. This is astounding house is built to set above this incredible flowing waterfall is titled â€Å"Fallingwater† It is a beautiful image and a stunning view. It, also, is a fantastic testament to the potential for humanity to build their homes in collaboration with nature, while still being visually appealing, and far less damaging to the environment. Architecture can be very dry and underappreciated at times; however, this piece is an example of how t he building of a house is not just a matter of construction and utility, but of unique beauty and artistic value. There were a multitude of amazing scenic photographs in collection of Ansel Adam’s. This piece is truly breathtaking and encompasses the majestic and awesome vastness and beauty of some of the natural environments around us. The use of light and shadow makes the mountain rage and river characters with personality, like characters in a story being told. So often nature is the background, in Adam’

Case Analysis Part II Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Case Analysis Part II - Coursework Example In the case of Paschal v. Rite Aid Pharmacy, Inc. (1985) it was held that a business invitee is entitled to "a duty of ordinary care in maintaining the premises in a reasonably safe condition so that its customers are not unnecessarily and unreasonably exposed to danger"2 from the owner. This means that an owner is obliged â€Å"to keep the premises free from dangers not discernible by a reasonably prudent person and to warn invitees of concealed dangers of which the owner knows or should know†3. Therefore, I strongly believe that the drugstore owed its visitors, including Booker, a duty of care to maintain a safe environment. 2. I believe that Booker’s lawsuit against the drugstore is based on negligence, and not upon allegations that the storeowners committed an international tort. International torts occur in those cases when the defendant actually has the intention of harming the plaintiff through his actions, like for example: assault, battery, trespass, fraud, etc . On the other hand, according to Stuhmcke A., â€Å"Negligence is a tort which determines legal liability for careless actions or inactions which cause injury.4 Therefore, in this case we are talking about negligence on behalf of the drugstore. 3. According to Harpwood V., â€Å"duty of care, breach of duty and damage†5 are three elements that must be proved by the plaintiff in order to establish actionable negligence. This test was also employed in the case of Texler v. D.O. Summers Cleaners & Shirt Laundry Co. (1998), where the judge held that â€Å"a plaintiff must show the existence of a duty, a breach of the duty, and an injury proximately resulting there from†6 A duty of care was owed by the drugstore to Booker, as it has been explained in p.1. This duty of care has been breached by having doors which needed a lot of pressure in order to be opened and the coil of the antitheft device situated too close to the second door. The injury which Booker had suffered re sulted strictly from the breach of duty of the drugstore. CHAPTER 6 CASE 2 1. I believe that the Court’s decision should not be reversed by the Appellate court because of the following: there was a contract between the two security corporations and CIA meant to provide security to the latter. Adelman was not a party to this contract and this contract did not refer to him or any other pedestrian at all. Adelman would be entitled to damages from the security corporations and CIA if he were a party to the contract or if the contract would have stipulated protecting the third parties. As, for example, in the case of Home Office v Dorset (1970) it has been stated that: â€Å"†¦Similarly, if A specifically creates a risk of injury†¦he may be liable for the resulting damage†¦.Similarly, A may be liable if he assumes specific responsibility for B’s safety but carelessly then fails to protect B..†7 Again, none of the clauses of the contract did specificall y mention that third parties outside the CIA would be granted protection. In this case, I would believe that applying the Court’s ruling in the case of Caparo plc. V Dickman (1990) would be realistic. The case involved Dickman – an auditor, who, by negligence, stated a company’s profitability to be better than it was in reality. Caparo – a third party, relying on the stated profitability of the company, after

The Differences in Performance Between Various Companies Research Paper

The Differences in Performance Between Various Companies - Research Paper Example There are a number of Work/Life events where employees at SAS get guidance on other matters that may affect their productivity at the workplace. During these events, all the employees interact and share the problems as a collective unit. All these activities give the employees motivation to work hard as well as creating a cohesive group. According to Thibaut and Kelley’s classic (1959) interdependence theory, alternatives give rise to options. As such, if the costs are more than the rewards, they are likely to leave the group, but if the rewards are more than the costs, they are likely to stay on and work hard to ensure that there is a success in the group (Attractions). The work environment at the SAS Company is unique making the employees motivated from the rewards within the group. This makes them stay in the company and work hard towards its success. Another successful company that deals in computer software are Cisco. The company provides high salaries to its employees in comparison to other companies. Cisco communicates the long-term strategy indicating that the work, which employees do, is more than just a job (CNN, 2011). They, therefore, strive to change the way employees work and live by giving them a comfortable pay. This gives the employees motivation since they work hard hence the success of the company. Further insight into Thibaut and Kelley interdependence theory highlights the issue of rewards and costs comes in place (Attractions). The salary, which the employees at Cisco Company receive, is high thus their allegiance to the company. The Company trains its employees on the culture to embrace.

Case Analysis Part II Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Case Analysis Part II - Coursework Example In the case of Paschal v. Rite Aid Pharmacy, Inc. (1985) it was held that a business invitee is entitled to "a duty of ordinary care in maintaining the premises in a reasonably safe condition so that its customers are not unnecessarily and unreasonably exposed to danger"2 from the owner. This means that an owner is obliged â€Å"to keep the premises free from dangers not discernible by a reasonably prudent person and to warn invitees of concealed dangers of which the owner knows or should know†3. Therefore, I strongly believe that the drugstore owed its visitors, including Booker, a duty of care to maintain a safe environment. 2. I believe that Booker’s lawsuit against the drugstore is based on negligence, and not upon allegations that the storeowners committed an international tort. International torts occur in those cases when the defendant actually has the intention of harming the plaintiff through his actions, like for example: assault, battery, trespass, fraud, etc . On the other hand, according to Stuhmcke A., â€Å"Negligence is a tort which determines legal liability for careless actions or inactions which cause injury.4 Therefore, in this case we are talking about negligence on behalf of the drugstore. 3. According to Harpwood V., â€Å"duty of care, breach of duty and damage†5 are three elements that must be proved by the plaintiff in order to establish actionable negligence. This test was also employed in the case of Texler v. D.O. Summers Cleaners & Shirt Laundry Co. (1998), where the judge held that â€Å"a plaintiff must show the existence of a duty, a breach of the duty, and an injury proximately resulting there from†6 A duty of care was owed by the drugstore to Booker, as it has been explained in p.1. This duty of care has been breached by having doors which needed a lot of pressure in order to be opened and the coil of the antitheft device situated too close to the second door. The injury which Booker had suffered re sulted strictly from the breach of duty of the drugstore. CHAPTER 6 CASE 2 1. I believe that the Court’s decision should not be reversed by the Appellate court because of the following: there was a contract between the two security corporations and CIA meant to provide security to the latter. Adelman was not a party to this contract and this contract did not refer to him or any other pedestrian at all. Adelman would be entitled to damages from the security corporations and CIA if he were a party to the contract or if the contract would have stipulated protecting the third parties. As, for example, in the case of Home Office v Dorset (1970) it has been stated that: â€Å"†¦Similarly, if A specifically creates a risk of injury†¦he may be liable for the resulting damage†¦.Similarly, A may be liable if he assumes specific responsibility for B’s safety but carelessly then fails to protect B..†7 Again, none of the clauses of the contract did specificall y mention that third parties outside the CIA would be granted protection. In this case, I would believe that applying the Court’s ruling in the case of Caparo plc. V Dickman (1990) would be realistic. The case involved Dickman – an auditor, who, by negligence, stated a company’s profitability to be better than it was in reality. Caparo – a third party, relying on the stated profitability of the company, after

Compare and contrast Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 3

Compare and contrast - Essay Example The core focus should be getting others to comprehend one’s ideas, feelings, and thoughts through the use of clear, simple, and precise words. Discussion Lederer love for English is demonstrated his praise for the marvelous richness. In the Case for Short Words, Lederer praises small words as he asserts that the quality of any writing is not gauged on the number of long words that writers use. Lederer asserts that well-chosen monosyllabic words can be equally effective since they are functional and carry a powerful punch. Lederer argues that when people speak and write, there is no rule that stipulates that people have to utilize big words (Rosa and Eschholz 161). Lederer holds that small words illuminate on significant things; indeed, complex words at certain times appear strange to the eye and ear, as well as in the mind. Lederer uses figurative language in highlighting that short words are sharp like a blade to a knife. Studies have demonstrated that twenty words account fo r close to 25% of all spoken English words, and all twenty are monosyllable. Lederers cites studies, which have demonstrated that the fifty most common words within written English are each comprised of a single syllable. Lederer notes that Orators and poets have appreciated the power of small words to make a straight point between two minds, which is demonstrated by the power carried by proverbs. In the essay on simplicity, Zinsser exposes what he cites as writers number one challenge-clutter. Zinsser views Americans as â€Å"strangling with unnecessary words, pompous frills, meaningless jargon, and circular constructions (Rosa and Eschholz 177). Zinsser observes that Americans has a tendency to inflate and hence sound necessary, to the extent that when a sentence appears too simple, some people thinks there is something wrong with the sentence. Zinsser’s solution to this problem lies in writers knowing what they want to express and to think clearly as they start with their composition. Zinsser asserts that the writer’s self-discipline and hard work are critical components to attaining concise, simple prose. Clear thinking translates to clear writing and no one can exist devoid of the other (Rosa and Eschholz 178). Zinsser cited studies, which have revealed that the reader is an elusive creature whose attention span only lasts about 30 seconds. Hence, the multiple forces competing for the reader’s attention may make it difficult for the reader to keep pace with the train of thought (Behrens 59). Hence, writers must at all times ask, what they are trying to express and evaluate the wiring to gauge whether they have said it. Lederer demonstrates this assertion in the example of few paragraphs written in short words. Lederer also utilizes figurative language to deliver his point by outlining a list of words to use and nor to use. Lederer further reinforces his ideas through the use of famous authors’ texts (Rosa and Eschholz 162). Le derer utilizes two diverse skill levels of writers to demonstrate why it is alright to utilize short words. In his conclusion, Lederer speaks directly to the reader to inform them that if short words can be utilized by famous writers, then readers can as well use short words. Zinsser asserts

Analysis of “Their Eyes Were Watching God” Essay Example for Free

Analysis of â€Å"Their Eyes Were Watching God† Essay The search for one’s identity is as poignant for the fictional character Janie as it was for former slave Frederick Douglass. Douglass used education to form an independent identity, which would separate him from the white slave masters. In contrast, Janie attempts to construct a dependent identity through marriage to each of her three husbands. With the death of her final husband Tea Cake, she plants the seeds he left behind, symbolically proving that she has grown as the seeds will grow and she is now a woman with her own identity. Janie’s first husband Logan does not understand that like any plant, Janie needs room to grow. He gives Janie material advantages through his sixty acres of land, but does not know how to treat her as his wife and not a servant. The reader receives a glimpse into his heart as he sobs while shouting his suspicion that she is planning to leave him, proving that he does want to please her. Through their lack of communication, however, Janie feels that the relationship is dead and leaves to marry Joe Starks, whom she believes will always provide her with springtime. Joe Starks gives her material wealth as well as a prominent position in the community for the price of her ultimate subservience. He is a jealous husband so she is not allowed to let her hair down in the store for fear that other men might covet it, and he refuses to let her take part in the community gatherings outside the store. After seven years of marriage and constant submission, Janie reflects on their relationship, realizing that â€Å"She wasn’t petal-open with him anymore.† As in her first marriage, Joe wants someone who will serve him and fill the role of the mayor’s wife, not an equal partner. While married to Joe she can only be the mayor’s wife and receive respect through his position instead of receiving respect for herself. Janie’s final marriage to Tea Cake teaches her to love herself, though at first she still is dependent upon having a man around for a sense of identity. She places great importance on his desire to play checkers with her and it seems as though Janie will always need a man beside her for fulfillment. Tea Cake shows her to love each aspect of herself. Janie comments on their blooming relationship during the hurricane, â€Å"If you can see the light at daybreak, you don’t keer if you die at dusk. It’s so many people never seen de light at all.† Janie’s light is her newfound ability to realize her worth. When Tea Cake is bit by the mad dog and attempts to bite her Janie saves herself, knowing that he loved her more. At the novel’s conclusion Janie says, â€Å"Two things everybody’s got tuh do fuh theyselves. They got tuh go tuh God, and they got tuh find out about livin’ fuh theyselves.† Thus power of truth for Janie is not book knowledge, but rather the knowledge that she has grown to discover an identity all her own.

Procurement Routes in Construction

Procurement Routes in Construction The main purpose of this report is to evaluate key procurement issues that the client has to consider in selecting an appropriate procurement route for the rapid reconstruct of three hotel building project. We have analysed four kinds of procurement routes such as traditional procurement route, design and build procurement route, management contracting procurement route and construction management procurement route. After the analysis, we have chosen a most suitable method to meet our objective, in terms of cost certainty, construction within the planned period and quality of the building. Also, creating a sparkling and luring environment for hotel guests in the near future. We too have considered the economic benefits as such if the hotel re-opened on time within the budgeted cost, we can also recover the investment costs as soon as possible. Therefore we have recommended the design and build procurement route for this project. Introduction In construction industry, many factors cause the results of the project. The right procurement route is one of the factors to achieve project successfully. In order to select best procurement route, we need to analyse clients background, objective, project requirements, technical complexity of the project, construction risk (cost, time and design/quality) and etc. Analysis Client Background Cinnamon Grand is a privately owned large hotel chain in the UK. They offer comfortable accommodation across the UK and are committed to preserving their rich heritage. They are very passionate about the outlook of their hotel buildings and they are experienced at renovation of buildings. But they have lack of in-house executive who is either experienced enough or enable to devote sufficient time in advising the reconstruction of their properties. Project Requirements As the hotel has planned to reopen on the 1st April 2015, we have started planning for the project on August 2012 and construction will be started on 1st March 2014. Lastly, the hotel will be handed over to the owner latest by 28th February 2015. Reconstruct in two phases Phase 1 Rapid reconstruction for the main areas of the hotels such as swimming pools, roofs, restaurant and guest rooms, which allows the hotel to be re-opened for business within a period of 12 months (from 1st March 2014 to 28th February 2015). Phase 2 Newly construction of some facilities such as health and fitness centre, conference and meeting, rooms dance studios. High technology multimedia facilities with air conditioning shall also be provided for conference and meeting rooms. During construction, good service will also be provided to hotel guests. Quality of the buildings is also important. The new constructed hotel must create sparkling and luring environment that can be enjoyed by all hotel guests. It has to match the existing hotel or even better which allows the former magnificent look to be brought back. Design requirements Design quality should at least match the existing hotel or even better. The tender document submitted by the tender contractor should include scope of works, construction methods, programming, management methods, availability of resources and costing. The material application will submit through template or sample and requires strict inspection and approval by client. Contractors typical design proposals require approval by client, due to client experienced in the renovation of buildings. Client requires retaining the ancient architectural style- rich heritage for the external features of the hotel Using green materials in order to lower impact to the environment. For example: using green roof. Demolitions works will minimize the damage to the building when using suitable method. Maintenance proposals should be done during the preparation time (from August 2012 to 1st March 2014). Good construction planning and planning should include safety, environmental and health issues and solution. Especially during the phase 2 constructions, the normal business of the hotel will not be affected by the construction. Hotel guests will also not be subjected to the influence of the construction. Client Objectives To complete project within the budget of  £120 million by choosing the best possible procurement route. To complete the building within the planned schedule. To enhance the quality of building and facilities provided, creating a sparkling and luring environment after renovation of the building During phase 2 constructions, good service must be provided to the customer. Analysis of the Procurement Route There are three generally accepted standard approaches to construction procurement in the UK construction industry: traditional procurement; design and build procurement and management procurement (management contracting and construction management). Different procurement route has different approach. Hence, we will analysis the traditional procurement, design and build procurement, construction management and management contracting. 3.4.1 Analysis of traditional procurement route The clients consultants will complete fully the design before contractors tender. Then the tender will be usually awarded to the contractor with the lowest price. Advantages Good design quality due to design completed by clients consultants. Client will choose the lowest tender price as contractors will tender based on the same information given. Procedures well known by both party Disadvantages Long preparation time, due to design fully completed by clients consultants before tender. Construction will only start on site upon the completion of the design. Client is fully responsible for the design risk Risks Lump sum contract will bring the cost risk to low risk as same information given by client. As for fixed contract date, the contractor might have the right to claim for extensions due to design or contraction issues, therefore it is medium time risk. As design quality control by clients consultant based on clients requirement, therefore it reduces design risk to low design quality risk. In conclusion, traditional approach is suitable for inexperienced clients or occasional construction clients and project without critical time requirements. It is not suitable for some large and complex project which requires advanced management systems, structures and skills. 3.4.2 Analysis of design and build procurement route The design and construction is undertaken by a single contractor for a lump sum contract, which allows overlapping. Design is not fully develop by contractor before the contract is awarded. Advantages Single contact point due to contractor is responsible on design and construction. Early start and shorter project duration due to design and construction is overlapping. Client can control project cost due to lump sum basis. Disadvantages Tender need to be awarded before design fully complete. Client has the difficulty to prepare the adequate brief. After the tender has been awarded, changing of design can be expensive for the client. Risks Lump sum contract will reduce the cost risk to low risk. Design and construction can be overlapping; therefore it is a low time risk. Design and build contractor is responsible for the design, if clients design requirement is not clearly indicated, then maybe it is a high risk for design quality. Therefore Design and build approach is suitable for all clients including inexperienced or client requiring cost certainty and fast track projects. Not suitable for complex or high quality buildings. 3.4.3 Analysis of construction management procurement route Construction Management, in which the design is developed by the Employers consultants and construction commences before the design is complete. A fee-earning consulting Construction Manager works for the Employer to define and manage several Works Packages, each representing a specialised or functional aspect of the project. Advantages Shorter overall project duration Clarity of roles, risks and relationships for all participants Client requires late design change easily due to contact awarded by different package Disadvantages Client doesnt have control on cost. Need a good quality project team to manage the project. Needs effective control of time and information. Risks Actual cost will only be known until the last package is awarded, so cost risk is medium. Because job is awarded by individual package, so does not has the main organisation to overall control the construction time. Therefore time risk is considering as medium risk. Project done by individual specialist contractors to reduce the design risk to low risk. Construction Management approach is suitable for experienced clients, fast track projects, complex building and not suitable for project requiring cost certainty. 3.4.4 Analysis of management contracting procurement route Management Contracting, in which the design is developed by the Employers consultants and construction commences before the design is complete. A Management Contractor is appointed early to let elements of work progressively as a series of trade or package contracts (called works packages). As with Construction Management, the final cost can only be determined when the last packaged has been let. Advantages Overall project duration shorter Client requires late design change easily due to contact awarded by different package Work packages let competitively Disadvantages Poor cost certainty, client will only know the final price till the last package been awarded. Need a good quality project team to manage the project Need a good quality brief to every works contractor, if not the case, contractor may not make client requirement. Risks Actual cost will only be known till the last package is awarded, so cost risk is medium. The total construction duration is a consequence of package selection. Therefore time risk is considering as medium risk. Project done by individual specialist contractors to reduce the design risk to low risk. Management contracting approach is suitable for experienced clients, fast track projects, complex building, and fairly large project. It is not suitable for project requiring cost certainty. Conclusion No procurement route is best suited in all circumstances. We can only base on the key elements and to select a most suitable procurement route. Time within planned schedule, cost certainty and quality of the building are the key elements we need to consider in this project. Both traditional and design and build can achieve clients objective of cost certainty. Management contracting, construction management and design and build can achieve clients objective of time within planned schedule. Management contracting, construction management and traditional can achieve clients objective of quality of building. Based on above analysis, out of 3 key elements we only can choose two most important elements as following:- Cost is the first consideration. Both management contracting and construction management procurement routes, the cost can only be known till the last package is awarded. But due to client concerns for cost overrun, they want to know the cost before project start. So both routes are not recommended. Time is the second consideration. Hotel must be re-opened on 1st April 2015. As only 12 months is given for phase 1 construction and the opening before the tourist season has a great impact on the hotel business, therefore traditional is not suitable for fast track construction. Design and build is well suited to warrant maximum price contracts and design and construction overlapping. This will involve considering return on capital investment, the likely benefits to operational efficiency or income flow. So we are not considering using traditional in this project. Quality of the building is the third consideration. It is generally felt in the construction industry that quality is the first thing to suffer in design and build contracts. However, the evidence does not support this. Quality of the building is the result of how we management the construction process. There is no correlation between procurement method and perceived quality of the product. After consideration, we will recommend design and build procurement route for this project. The appointed contractor is responsible for the design, documentation and construction of the project, based on the client project brief and requirements through lump sum cost. So the speed of construction is faster and the client will know the costs of the project earlier. Whether the quality of building can be achieved, it is depending on how well our project requirements have been defined and delivered. Project manager will be responsible for co-ordinated design and construction programme. This may considerably reduce revisions after contract award and minimise possible interferences. All team members must build up well communication channels, to solve the problem as soon as possible when construction is going on. Referencing John Murdoch and Will Hughes (2008), Construction Contract Law and Management, Fourth edition School of the Built Environment  © Herriot Watt University (2012), Procurement Contracts Task 2 Option A Discuss the liability of Alexander Contractors to the Employer for the additional costs that the Employer had to incur as a consequence of being required to employ a more expensive tenderer to carry out the construction project. Discuss the Clerk of Works power to issue a Direction as detailed in the given scenario and its implications on the loss and expenses incurred by the Contractor. Detail the possible claims with respect to the given scenario, the main facts that can be included in the claims and the contractual provisions available to substantiate the claims according to the JCT Standard Building Contract With Quantities 2005 Edition (JCT SBC05) Revision 2 2009. If you were the Contract Administrator prepare a report outlining your assessment of the Contractors claim including the process you have followed, the pertinent issues of the dispute and the contractual provisions relevant.

Health Care Reform: Losing More Than You Think Essay -- Health Care

President Obama has made healthcare reform a priority since the beginning of his presidency. Obama wants to implement a system similar to Medicare. As defined by Dictionary.com Medicare is: â€Å"a U.S. government program of hospitalization insurance and voluntary medical insurance for persons aged 65 and over and for certain disabled persons under 65†. This government based health insurance would still allow private insurance companies to stay in business. Another way Obama wants to change the health insurance companies is to expand coverage and improve the care given. What this means is people with cancer could possibly get health insurance in a case where no one else would cover them. This will also help to lower insurance plan costs. There are pros and cons to Obamas healthcare plan, but it might not be worth the cost or the problems to try and enact it. Under the government plan, businesses would be required to pay a fee for subsidizing insurance, or they would be required to supply mandatory healthcare for employees. If mandatory healthcare laws were required, it would raise the cost of hiring new employees and would possibly limit employers from hiring new prospects. Every American would be required to buy insurance based on the government’s idea of â€Å"acceptable insurance.† Even if people were happy with their current insurance, they could be forced to change policies if their current insurance policies do not meet the government’s â€Å"acceptable† standards. This could put Medicare in competition with private insurance companies. People would be able to choose taxpayer-subsidized plans or private insurance, but subsidies and cost-shifting would make the government plans ultimately have more appeal. Through government research st... ...people will suffer the consequences of an inferior health system if the government enacts Obamas proposed healthcare system. Works Cited Coffin, Bill. "Bad Medicine." National Underwriter / Life & Health Financial Services 115.4 (2011): 16. MasterFILE Complete. Web. 25 Mar. 2012. Jeffrey B. English, M.D. "2011: Health Insurance Increases, Obamacare Responsible." Basil & Spice 14 Sept. 2010: Newspaper Source Plus. Web. 25 Mar. 2012. "Medicare." Dictionary.com Unabridged. Random House, Inc. 08 Apr. 2012. . "Mitt Romney Says 'Flawed' Obamacare Should Be Rejected. (Cover Story)." Human Events 65.28 (2009): 1. MasterFILE Complete. Web. 25 Mar. 2012. Tanner, Michael. "OBAMACARE: Seven Bad Ideas For Health Care Reform." USA Today Magazine 138.2770 (2009): 14. MasterFILE Complete. Web. 25 Mar. 2012.

Ethnic Minority Prisoners in Britain Essay -- Race Relations in Prison

Prison can be a daunting and psychological challenge for anyone. Experiences can have lifelong effects and can often traumatise those incarcerated. However the experience minority ethnic prisoners face can be deemed diverse. They can become victims of discrimination, racism violence and harassment all on the basis of their race, skin colour, or nationality. Scott and Codd (2010, P. 70) note that ‘prisoners from certain believed culturally or biologically determined ‘racial groups’ are understood as being genetically, intellectually or socially inferior beings, thus contributing to their own poverty of life experiences and criminal identity'. Scott and Codd (2010) state that ‘the prison place racism is a key dimension of the expression of power, shaping prejudicial decisions, exclusionary practices and the physical manifestation of violence, bullying and intimidation’. Scott and Codd (2010, P.70) put forward that ‘this penal terror goes even further for some, such as foreign national prisoners, as it can exacerbate the structured pains of the prison itself. Jewkes and Johnston (2006, P.107) found that ‘prisoners from ethnic minority backgrounds have faced a long struggle in getting the Home Office and Prison Service to recognise their diverse cultural, religious and dietary needs’. Jewkes and Johnston (2006) put forward that the UK prison population has risen by 15,000 since New Labour came to power in 1997, and has doubled since Margaret Thatcher took office in 1979. Inmates from ethnic minority backgrounds account for a large percentage of this figure. For example the white population increased by 36 per cent, Black population grew by 196 per cent, south Asian populations grew by 120 per cent and Chinese/other Asian by 223 ... ...and Phillips, C. (2002) Racism, Crime and Justice. Pearson Educated Limited: England. Chigwada-Bailey, R. (2003) Black Women’s Experiences of Criminal Justice: Discourse on Disadvantages, 2nd edn. Winchester. Waterside Press. Jewkes, Y. And Johnston, H. (2006) Prison Readings: A Critical Introduction to Prisons and Punishment. Willan Publishing Devon. Wilson, D. and Moore, S. (2003) Playing the Game – The Experiences of Young Black Men in Custody. London: The Children’s Society. Ryan, M. (1996) Lobbying from Below. London: UCL Press. Burnett, R. and Farrell, G. (1994) Reported and Unreported Racial Incidents in Prisons, Occasional Paper, No.14. Oxford: University of Oxford Centre for Criminological Research. Gravett, S. (2007) Coping with Prison: A Guide to Practitioners on the Realities of Imprisonment. SAGE Publications Company. London Home Office (1986)

Castros Regime

Cuba and Castros Coming to Power In: Historical Events Cuba and Castros Coming to Power History Essay – Fidel Castro Castro’s Social Policies After coming to power in 1959 with the aim of making radical change to the country. He promised to end inequality, corruption and the economic dependency on USA. With these aims, he implemented economic policies to generate economic growth. The ups and downs of Cuba’s economic performance had not affected the state’s considerable investment in social reform, foreign aid and military involvement.Underpinned by long term credit and trade agreements with USSR, the Cubans had achieved standards of health and literacy rivaling those of developed countries. After his coming to power, Castro had managed to reduce the infant mortality rate, a yardstick of development of development from 60 per thousand live children in 1958 to 13. 2 in 1980. On the eve of the revolution there had been one doctor for 5,000 Cubans, whereas thi rty years later there was one per 400. Average life expectancy had risen from 74 to 57 and only 2 percent of the population was illiterate compared to 24 percent in 1958.All children of primary school age now attended schools whereas only 56 percent had done so before the revolution. The bare figures conceal the extent of social and economic change in Cuba. Castro’s reform aimed to introduce social justice and allow all sectors of society to have equal oppurtunities. Reforms in health, education and the treatment of women and of minorities were implemented among other areas. Some of these reforms clashed with Cuban traditions and culture. Hence, arts played a fundamental role in designing a new Cuban culture in which for instance, the role of women as workers was implemented and promoted.Castro’s social policies had their main targets as women and education. It evaluated the part played by FMC and the literacy campaign to change the status of women and promote educatio n. One of the most significant changes brought about by the Cuban Revolution has been to the lives and status of women. One of the most significant changes brought about by the Cuban Revolution has been to the lives and status of women. Before 1959 the role of most Cuban women resembled that of other women in the patriarchal societies of Latin America where there existed rigid stereotypes and a division of roles between the sexes in the home and in society.The undisputed role of a woman was that of wife and homemaker in a family headed by her husband or partner. Women enjoyed few rights and were expected to sacrifice not just their academic potential and broader interests, but also their health and happiness in order to ensure the stability and wellbeing of the family. In cases of maltreatment by men, despite the existence of laws forbidding such treatment, women were given minimal support by the police and the legal establishment. The status of women in Cuba by 1959 was different f rom that in many latin American countries.They were only given right to vote in 1934. The 1940 constitution also granted them equality before the law where women could not be discriminated against a work and were to receive equal pay for work. Although women were allowed to vote, study, ad even sue for divorce, pre-revolutionary Cuba remained in many ways a traditional society. Only a few occupations like teaching and nursing were considered to be appropriate for women in the pre-revolutionary years. They were victims of discrimination at work as the jobs with greater pay and responsibility went to men.Hence in the middle and upper classes, men preferred women to stay at home. The defense to the rights of women at work was largely a response to Cuba’s economic needs. Castro had an aim to achieve modernization and industrialization and to do so women were needed to produce record harvests, woman needed to join the workforce. New legislations were passed reinforcing the equal r ights of men and women to access all types of jobs. They were offered training at technical and professional levels. They had entered the fields which were men dominated, such as construction, biotechnology and IT.In villages the Agrarian reforms had offerd women the opportunity for work in areas like driving and repair of equipment. To facilitate this change and support the women, Castro facilitated the opening of an increasing numbers of daycare centers for working women to help them join the work force. Under Castro, women were expected to work for long hours in the agricultural fields leaving alone their homes and families for long intervals however this most often made conflicts with their husbands. To solve this problem, Castro came up with a new family code which stipulated equality of both the sexes at home and work.Men were expected to share their household duties and the education of children. Despite this Castro had to admit that the presence of women on work fields was a lways lower than expected. The policies made by Castro were aimed towards encouraging of equality of women seem to have been focused more towards increasing the workforce than gender equality. More than 600,000 Cubans who were idle migrated from the island in 1960’s and hence to fill up the vacancies, women were brought n picture. They were trained for these works which they had denied before and they also played an important part in education and health campaigns.Cuba in the Batista’s regime had acess to only limited education that too in varied geographical regions, being more restricted in the rural arean and the ghettos of the poor. Hence it was also limited by economic status. In the years preceding 1959, Cuba had the highest ill-literacy rates in ltin America. It had reached a peak of 24% in children under 10 years. Public education was nil, there was no infrastructure or presence of teachers to provide satisfactory quality of educstion while the acess of univers ity was limited to the privelliged classes.Castr in the sierra time had promised the resurrection of illiteracy within a year for which he needed to solve two initial barrios, the lack of infrastructure and that of teachers. Castro had declared 1961 as the year of education when the rebel army personally taught the illiterate and had launched the famous slogan â€Å"If you don’t know; learn, if you know; teach†. Due to the shortages of school buildings, Castro transformed military barracks into educational complexes and many new schools were built all along the city, focusing in the rural and undeveloped areas.Between 1959 when Fidel began his policy of school expansion and 1962 more schools had been developed than in the past history of 8 years of Cuba. In the following years, Castro implemented a training programme for 271,000 teachers. To reach all areas, they were sent all across the counry to teach people at their homes. Literate citizens were turned into â€Å"l iterate voulenteers† in free time. Each one was dressed in olive green uniforms and were sent to country sideto teach the peasents. In the year of 1962, illiteracy dropped by 4%.The success of the campaign was spectacular and as such it increased the hopes in revolution. The aim of the literacy campaign had been twofold. First, it sought to fight illiteracy among the poor ans second, it aimed to make middle-classs youth illiterate youth familiarize themelves with the living conditions and the hardships of the poor, and to act in response to the values of the revolution; self service and sacrifice for the state. * Words: 1258 * Pages: 6 * Highlight Text * Print Paper * Saved * Report this Essay Similar Documents * Cuba And Castros Coming To Power The Consolidation Of Fidel Castro’s Power Between 1959 And1961 Was More Of a Result Of Domestic Issues Rather Than United States Economic Policies. * Fdi Risk Analysis Of Cuba * Power Politics * Three Days In Cuba For Pope Bened ict Xvi * Guantanamo Bay * Chomsky * Bush * How China Rises * Treasures * The United States Political And Economy * American Expansionism And Imperialism In The Late Nineteenth Century * Domino's Sizzles With Pizza Tracker * Hispanic American Diversity * The Reagan Doctrine * Politics * Worlds Scerets * Ap Euro Notes Containing Communism Through Cia Covert Operations * To What Extent Was Hitler's Economic Policy Coherent? 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Contemporary Sociological Theory

Contemporary Sociological Theory Final Exam Jurgen Habermas’ Theory of Communicative Action sought to explain this contemporary sociological thinker’s ideas on system and the life-world. The meaning of this â€Å"life-world† for Habermas, meant: one’s own personal space, including personal identity and consciousness. â€Å"It is the lived realm of informal, culturally-grounded understandings and mutual accommodations. † (Wikipedia) The life-world goes on to function through norms and beliefs of the society. Everyone in the society plays their role, which is based on their personal identity, and the society goes on functioning as a system.The system includes a chain of commands dealing with politics, economics, etc. Consequently, this leads to a colonization of the life-world. The system is an impersonal structure that entails organization and functionality. Because it is based on functions within social, educational and environmental policies, as we ll as markets (Parsons’ AGIL), there must be a form of order for it to run smoothly. The political institutions do not allow the individual to just think of himself, it essentially leaves a demand for all to work together as a whole.The life-world is based more on happiness and order within. When the functions of the system and life-world collide the life-world becomes colonized. Things are harder to be rationalized within the system because barriers are formed in the lines of communication. The struggle to please one’s own self and the need for order in the political realm causes a conflict of interest in modern society. The two entities are becoming rationalized as both continue to evolve. The life-world will continue to be hindered as the system continues to block lines of communication.As modern society goes on, the struggle within one’s self and the need to continually stabilize society will eventually cause a greater problem that will require further resea rch beyond that of Jurgen Habermas. 4. In Michael Foucault’s Discipline & Punish, he sought to explain his theory of surveillance within contemporary society. He does this by using the idea of the Panopticon as an example. The panopticon is a structure, created by Jeremy Bentham, which is built in a way that allows all angles to be easily viewed.The design, which is a circular, spherical building, allows those conducting the surveillance to see everything without having to worry about corners and non visible spots. The subjects that are being viewed never actually know when they are being specifically watched due to the construction of the building. It is also built so that the viewer cannot be easily seen. This structure is mainly existent in prisons but can also be used within schools, factories and military structures. Surveillance is defined as being the â€Å"continual observation of a person or group, especially on suspected of doing something illegal. (Encarta Diction ary) The most obvious example would be in the prison system where prisoners are being watched by prison wardens and guards. Cameras are set up at ever imaginable angle to monitor the behavior of the inmates. These cameras are active 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, recording every move of every prisoner. Furthermore, if the guard were to stand in the middle of the panopticon, he would also be able to view all angles easily without too much movement. Foulcault formulated his theory of contemporary society, in relation to the panopticon. The idea of total surveillance represents power in society.The individual is constantly being watched which consequently alters their behavior. Because the surveillance is constant and unknown, we develop a state of paranoia within ourselves and never feel completely alone unless we are absolutely sure that we are in a private space. Foulcault’s interpretation extends to the acts of the government: â€Å"The role of legislation allows the means of authority to spread without need for one central authority figure. This advocates the self monitoring society which in essence is panopticism. † (Gieser) It is said that because the government is seen as the overseer.We, the citizens, develop our own sense of self-surveillance that in turn, satisfies the surveillance tactic. Foucault felt that this panoptic ordeal â€Å"dehumanize[d] and strip[ped] the population of their power†. (Gieser) Thus, it leaves us with no actual sense of normalcy and security. 5. The idea of culture industry was created by Theodor Adorno and Max Horkheimer of the Frankfurt School. Culture industry is simply the use of manufactured goods in pop culture to influence society, thus causing society to be passive and not worrying about economical woes.Society develops unnecessary wants and needs while capitalism is masked and flourishing. This form of culture molds the idea of what’s important to society through mass production and ignores what works for the individual. Thus, a sense of uniqueness is lost. The Frankfurt School felt that this was an important way of trying to understand modern capitalist society because it was clearly going in that direction, at the time and now. Karl Marx inspired these beliefs through his own works and encouraged the Frankfurt School to expose capitalists.They did this by using ancient examples that proved that these frivolous items being praised were only there to mask the fact that we, the people were being manipulated and controlled. Exposing society to the control was supposed to encourage them to break free and regain their senses of self. The focus was on capitalism because it was strengthening its hold onto society at a constant rate. Adorno felt that through exposing these capitalist tactics, the cycle would reverse, causing individuals to gain there personality back, but that did not happen.Capitalism has only flourished and become more severe. Modern society is evolving an d as that happens; more capitalist tactics are being created. Thus culture industry is doing nothing but becoming stronger. The Frankfurt School took the time out to enlighten the masses but despite the fact, capitalism prevails. References Geiser, Brenton. All Eyes on You. â€Å"Surveillance (n. )†. Encarta Online Dictionary. Dec. 14, 2007. http://encarta. msn. com/dictionary_1861717276/surveillance. html http://www. wikipedia. com

Analysis of protocol for Management of Hypertension in Adults Research Paper

Analysis of protocol for Management of Hypertension in Adults - Research Paper Example A decision to embark upon antihypertensive therapy effectively commits the patient to life-long treatment, hence it is vital that blood pressure (BP) monitoring and management be taken seriously by pursuing the set norms and protocols to safeguard individuals from numerous predicaments (High Blood Pressure). The present article is an analysis of the Protocol For Management Of Hypertension in Adults to have a deeper understanding for hypertension measurement. Blood Pressure Measurement "Protocol For Management Of Hypertension In Adults" is based on the guidelines of National Institute of Clinical Excellence (NICE) for the hypertension management in adults in primary care. The protocol lays emphasis on the accuracy and precision of the blood pressure management, appropriate training of the health care provider and periodic review of the individual suspected or confirmed with the condition of hypertension. This holds true because precision is imperative in measurement of blood pressure. Any inaccuracy in the measurement of blood pressure may turn out to be overwhelming. Measurement of blood pressure is the most prevalent assessment in clinics, interpretation or analysis of the results or outcomes procured are responsible for future implications, an imperative step for the individual whose BP is measured. Any error in the reading or ignorance in taking the exact reading or taking a low reading than actual, may deprive the individual from taking medication at the right time and thereby enhances the susceptibility of the person for stroke or heart attack. Alternatively, if the person is normal and the measurement of the blood pressure is taken high the individual may be exposed to the BP lowering medication without any basis. These may result in serious implications, therefore, it is highly imperative to get an accurate measurement of blood pressure (O’Brien, et al, 2010; Hypertensive Crises: Recognition and Management). The current protocol emphasizes on the appropriate servicing and calibration of the equipment. As blood pressure is a hemodynamic variable, to get an accurate reading of blood pressure it is highly essential to have a validated measuring device in clinical settings in order to prevent erroneous outcomes. As per the protocol routine blood pressure measurement must be performed at least every 5 years until the age of 80 years, under normal circumstances, every individual who is around 40 years of age or above must get the BP checkup as a routine in 5 years to avert morbidity and mortality caused due to hypertension (National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence, 2011). However, the current protocol does not mention that treatment and care should consider individual requirement, i.e. care should be person-centred care, which is well explained in the protocol of National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence, (2011). The current protocol does not lay emphasis on development of excellent communication skill, wh ich is essential for better compliance and prognosis and is also encouraged by evidence- based research studies. The protocol provided by National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence, (2011) on the other hand, facilitates individuals to accomplish learned decisions about their care all. The current protocol further emphasize the fact that individuals with above normal values with the range of 135-139/85-89

Investigate the arguement for restricting trade and provide argunmats Essay

Investigate the arguement for restricting trade and provide argunmats for not restricting trade. Also list and explain some coun - Essay Example In time, trade has gone through revolutionizing changes with the advent of a legal tender system. This saw trade become widespread and global in perspective because of the new terms of valuation. These new terms of valuation made it easier to conduct trade because, unlike barter trade, it was easier to carry money for long distances than the actual goods. This paper aims at investigating the arguments for restricting trade and those for not restricting trade. Restrictive trade originated in the late 1800s where rich merchants involved in trade of high value products and services sought to create monopolies in the market so that they could control the market (GILLIES, 2004: 862). This amounted to restricting trade through the formation of international organisations for traders and manufacturers of a few select items that were of high value and demand in the market. An organisation like this is allied, by agreement, to control the natural elements of supply and demand, in the market. They achieve this by fixing prices and quotas for sales, divide markets and limit supply (GILLIES, 2004: 867). These restrictive trade practices end up eliminating competition in the market, which creates a precedent for consumer exploitation. Competition, in the market, keeps all the players, in check, by ensuring that they all strive to satisfy the consumers’ needs, or risk losing out to those who fulfil their customers’ needs. Without competition in the market place, the consumers would be faced, with the aspect exploitation from unscrupulous traders out, to make a profit at the expense of consumers. When a system of trade restricts trade practices among its players, it predisposes consumers to exorbitant and unaffordable prices. Consumers are supplied with substandard goods and services because there is no alternative source of the products they seek. Elimination of competition by restricting trade robs consumers of the freedom and right of choice regarding the qua lity and supply of commodities they desire and need (BRUCE, 2001: 56). Limitation of supply creates high demand for goods and services, which exposes consumers to abuse through over pricing. Restricting trade has seen a decline in trade volume because it reduces consumers’ purchasing power and decreases the number of traders allowed to participate, in a given trade. Restriction on trade has also contributed to protection of inefficient and unqualified traders in the market who add no value to consumers or the economy of the country. Restriction on trade has seen to the development of domestic and international organisations that operate like cartels because of their characteristic monopolising of markets of their interest (FRANK & BERNANKE, 2003: 419). Beneficiaries of these organisations advocate and support these cartels by arguing that they help protect participating firms that are weak thus shielding them from unfair competition. According to most studies, business entiti es that benefit from restricted trade systems postulate that this structure of trade helps these firms deal with limitations caused by high business operating tariffs (BRUCE, 2001: 78). Cartels created because of restrictive trade systems are able to distribute risks and profits equally amongst themselves which acts as a cushion against uncertainty in the market. This uncertainty can be

Social constructions of gender Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5250 words

Social constructions of gender - Essay Example To some extent I think the major issue bringing about all these arguments is the fact that there is no proper definition of the term gender that each of the opposing groups can use as the base for their arguments in order to come up with the middle ground in the alignment of the contentious issues underlying the whole matter. Depending on the line of argument that has been taken by any of the opposing sides, the gender matter can be defined in two distinct lines of thought which of course tend to oppose each other bringing about the two antagonistic sides in the whole argument over the subject matter. On one side, some people define gender based on their biological origins and structure thereby categorizing them as either male or female, though another category of gender has recently come into play and is rapidly claiming recognition as far as the classification of gender is concerned. This third gender is the transgender which is mainly common in America and is a fusion of the two b iological definitions. A proper classification of the third gender as far as its biological orientation is concerned has not yet been devised, but it still cut across the two main ones (Dube, 2001). On the other hand the term gender has been defined on the social basis depending on the roles carried out by the two biologically defined gender categories. It is good to note here that the social definition fuses both the biological orientation of the two gender lines with the social roles assigned to each biological gender in the society.

Intelligence Collection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 3

Intelligence Collection - Essay Example When done in literal collection, translators have to be relied on and for non-literal; the material collection has to rely on the processor or the exploiter’s judgment which is considered to be accurate. Sometimes customers may receive and act on raw literal collection and this is so because they can readily get hold of it any moment. There is an advantage here because these people are not trained analysts. What helps them see is the functional view where they realize they might be able to give input and give minimal challenge the collection material. Various complaints concerning the NRO claimed that the NRO was unwilling to donate funds in order to fund programs fully. Fitzgerald claimed and argued that the 1995 funding crisis results were lack of a margin and the certainty of some cost overruns that were presented to the NRO with a reality of having difficulties to fund selected programs fully. The other view was that the NRO had their lost budget autonomy. They argued that whenever a given program exceeded the funding limits, they were forced to go back to Congress and obtain permission that would see them move money from another program in the NRO in order to fix the

ECON IP2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

ECON IP2 - Essay Example The demand for cigarettes are also not as elastic as the demand for laptops since smokers tend to be addicted and therefore the amount of cigarettes they purchase are not as responsive to prices as laptops are. Finally, among the products considered the per unit price of laptops tend to be highest and hence the opportunity cost of the expenditure is highest in case of laptops as well. Therefore, the demand for laptops tends to be substantially more elastic. The importance of elasticity for business primarily is because of its significance in pricing strategies. Price hikes or price cuts do not affect the revenues for goods whose demands are inelastic. Therefore, it is not advisable to reduce prices to try and induce customers into buying products which have inelastic demands. On the other hand customers tend to respond highly to price cuts in case of products that have high price elasticity. Since maximizing revenues is one of the primary targets for businesses, and how price changes affect revenues are dependent upon price elasticity of demand, it is very important for businesses to know the type of demand its product has. An increase in national income would not affect the price elasticity of demand. Although it may lead to rise in overall demands, it will have no impact on the responsiveness of demand to changes in price. Elasticity of supply is simply the responsiveness of quantity supplied to price changes. It is the percentage change in quantity supplied caused by a percentage change in price. The factors that influence the elasticity of supply are: a) Time - since it is not feasible to expand production immediately in response to a price change, although in the long run such expansion is possible, supply tends to be relatively inelastic over the short run and more elastic over the longer run. b) Duration of production – typically goods that take longer to produce, such as agricultural output (longer production cycles) tend to have

Problem-Solution Essay Essay Example for Free

Problem-Solution Essay Essay It only comes once every four years. It is a day of unity, expression, equality and freedom. Every citizen over the age of eighteen in the United States has the opportunity –the right– to be a part of something huge. Presidential Election Day. The long awaited day that is consumed by the media, Facebook, and Twitter months in advance. An individual can choose to voice an opinion with discretion and secrecy in the voting booth, or one could also choose a more vocal approach with heated debates, obnoxious campaign signs, and even the occasional protest. After all, this is the land of the free, and if there’s one thing Burger King has taught me, it‘s that in the United States you really can â€Å"have it your way.† So why is it, then, that in the midst of the exciting and tumultuous day of our general election, I see the youth of the country sitting in their dorm rooms with absolutely no intent of casting their ballots? Seeing firsthand the lack of political activity among my peers and all those belonging to Generation Y makes me question whether or not I should care enough to vote myself. There is no argument that young voters (ages 18-34) have increasingly shown a lack of voter turnout in general elections. According to an article by The New Republic, 53 percent of 18-29 year-olds visited the polls in 1972. By the year 2000, that figure had dropped to 35 percent, which became a new historical low. So why is this a problem for me and my fellow Generation Y brothers and sisters? The answer is clear and simple. By choosing not to vote, we are also choosing not to have anyone represent our ideals and political agendas in government. At a time with increasing student-loan debt, a shocking unemployment rate and overall declination of the quality of life, Generation Y has more reason now than ever to start affecting political change. â€Å"People who try to have influence on government are going to have more influence than people who do not try† (Wilson 161). All of this begins with the polls. Many causes of political apathy among the younger generation have been noted, and in some cases, several attempts have been made to attract these voters. Registration is one of these causes and this resonates in particular with college students. First-time voters have to get a registration form, learn how and when to register, and then deliver it. Most college students will have to request absentee ballots if they are unable to go to their designated polling stations on Election Day. Unlike the older generation, younger voters are typically not yet settled and therefore the voting process takes more effort. According to the Center for Information and Research on Civic Learning and Engagement, over a quarter of college students reported that they did not register to vote because they didn’t know how or had missed the deadline. However, there have been steps to make this process simpler including the motor-voter bill of 1993. This allows citizens to register to vote as they are applying for a driver’s license (Wilson 166). Perhaps one of the biggest causes for lower voter turnout among young people was identified through the honesty of my own roommate. Paige Toepper, my roommate and also fellow first-time voter, did not go to the polls for the 2012 election simply because she had not previously been engaged in the political issues and felt ill-equipped to suddenly be making such decisions. â€Å"I haven’t been following up on politics until this point and I don’t believe I should vote for something when I’m not even sure what it is that I am voting for.† Once I heard this from my roommate, I found it to be a common theme on my entire floor. The problem isn’t that Generation Y doesn’t care to vote but, rather, that no one has really had the chance yet to be exposed to politics in an informative light where we feel confident in our own beliefs. My proposal for the solution to this problem begins in the education system. We should integrate politics and current events into our curriculum for high school students. This would also include the entire process for registering first-time voters, so that those who have not been exposed have a base to fall back on. The lack of voter turnout among the younger generation is a serious problem for the future of America if young people aren’t allowing their voices to be heard and to influence government. If people do not start voting while they are young, there is no way to know if they will ever begin to exercise this fundamental right. Being able to integrate politics as part of high school curriculum is an easy way to start getting the young generation engaged and involved. By doing this we can begin to push forward new innovative ideas and ultimately begin to successfully form our future as a society.