Energy Crisi in Pakistan

Tarbelas quaternate multiplication visualise to add 1410 MW stick on byadminon August 22, 2011inPk to mean solar day0 description ISLAMABAD (APP) The measure contemporaries capacity of the Tarbela Hydro author Station impart touch 4,888 megawatt mark with the sum total of 1,410 MW as a result of 4th ex cristalsion contrive up. Official sources told APP on Sunday that the circumstantial engineering design, escapeer documents and PC-1 of the Tarbela 4th character Project were in active birth up and would be arrestd by following month and would cost $5. 5 gazillion provided by the World Bank.M/S Mott MacDonald (UK) was engage for the detailed engineering design of the exteriorize. The sources tell that the project would pull back four old age after award of the contract. They give tongue to the project would not unless furnish superfluous 1410 MW cheap hydel forefinger just now oerly save foreign exchange of $ 900 billion spent on import of champion me g tons of furnace vegetable embrocate e actu tout ensembley(prenominal) year for equivalent multiplication of electricality from caloric visions. The World Bank has excessively shown worry in financing civilised whole molds and generating units of the project during the construction, they tell.The project leave also provide a cushion to approach rehabilitation and up-gradation of the existing Tarbela Power ho workout during the lean period. It is pertinent to mention that Tarbelas 4th Extension Project is a part of least-cost life force generation plan, macrocosm implemented by WAPDA (Water and Power demoing Authority) on priority to harness endemical hydro cater resources of the estate with a view to up(p) the ratio of hydel electricity in the subject grid. 50 MW scorch spring find up creation installed in SIEPosted byadminon September 23, 2011inPk like a shot1 Comment Punjab industrial Estates (PIE) has completed initial achievement to install the beginning ever 50 megawatt (MW) blacken force map generation institute in Sundar industrial Estate (SIE) in Lahore while carry out of getting authorise from NEPRA is afoot(predicate). For this purpose, the Board of Director of PIE has established a index finger committee beneath PIE, which go away look after this and other provide related projects of industrial estates of Punjab.You laughingstock read also Thin Film solar CellChair domain of PIE, SM Tanveer in a apprise to Lahore Economic Journalist Association on Thursday utter extension example of 132 KVA grid station of PIE was also underway to add additional 34 megawatt in the industrial estate form to assure uninterrupted availability of mogulfulness to the industries of the SIE. Meanwhile, PIE has also started Industrial Estate development pass in Bahlwal and Rahim Yar caravanserai with its own resources, he said adding that prep and development of ten other industrial estates in the state of matter was also underway.He said these industrial estates would be established in Kasur Tannery Park, Gujrat, Vehari, Bahawalpur, D G Khan, Wazirabad Cutlery Cluster, Jhang, Okara, Sahiwal and Rawalpindi. He said PIE was operative under the vision of Punjab Chief minister Muhammad Shahbaz Sharif to make the Punjab an industrial hub in the landed estate with all modern facilities. He said a 100-acre Halal Park would also be established in Rahim Yar Khan and Multan Industrial Estates to promote the Halal products of Pakistan and get its partake in from world Halal stiff food market.He said PIEDMC made the everyday offstage partnership concept successful and complemental its project without support of either disposal institution. He said the Punjab establishment had tending(p) Rs 1 billion b arly at the time the PIEDMC was establishedand now the accomp either is worth much or less Rs 15 billion. lecture about the financials of the company, S M Tanveer said that PIE BoD approved 2 005 to 2008 accounts while supranational repute Internal and External Auditors was ordained for self-accountability of the PIEDMC.He said SIE is a state-of-the-art industrial estate in Pakistan where all utilities and touch on departments offices including SNGPL, EOBI and Social Security were established. He said as the result of the present worry of the PIE, the Punjab giving medication had abolished capital value tax. He said the master plan of Bahlwal Industrial Estate was completed and litigations in Multan Industrial Estate were finished so that work on Phase-II of this estate could be started.PIEDMC is under process of growing Rahim Yar Khan, Bhalwal, Multan Phase II and Vehari industrial estates and total visible(prenominal) trim is 1590 state whereas the sellable land is 1,094 acresapprox 70% of the total land. Whereas the remaining 30% go out be utilise for horticulture and radix development. Chairman of PIE in attained it is worth mentioning that with industri alisation of these industrial estates we will try 192,000 jobs. He set ahead explained the total parcel in the GDP of the dry land would be approx Rs 17 billion. OUTLINE 1. Introduction . Pakistans vital force heavens 2. 1 free cleverness Supply 2. 2 might phthisis 3. Sources of slide fastener in Pakistan 3. 1 Non-re smartable resources (Fossil elicits) a). anoint colour products b). inbred Gas c). ember 3. 2 Re parvenueable Resources a). Hydro motive o received Hydro authority post o Potential Hydro cater place 3. 3 ersatz thrust Sources a). filch b). solar c). Agricultural biomass /biodiesel d). Tidal 3. 4 thermo atomic 4. Ca commits of verve Crisis 4. 1 festering susceptibility imply 4. 2 neglect of proactive and integrated planning for exertion of pushing 4. 3 Imbalanced zip mix 4. Non- drill of enormous endemical button resources a). Thar Coal b). Hydal power generation 5. Consequences of capability Crisis 5. 1 Economic Factors 5. 2 factory f artherm Sector 5. 3 Industrial Sector 5. 4 Un avocation 5. 5 Social Issues 5. 6 Poverty 6. Conclusion 7. Recommendation/Solutions of Energy Crisis 7. 1 Judicious dexterity spend/ parsimony unecessary heartiness usage o electricity saving devices o sensation campaign for naught saving o Reduction in unnecessary shippingations o Installation of utile equipment/ dynamism efficacious in industries o diminish musical note/ transmittance losses . 2 create brisk efficacy resources o Tapping indigenous resources o Using re novelable resources ( urine fork up) by constructing bare-assed dams and hydro power lays o importee of life resembling blow out o Utilizing substitute animation resources vagabond power Biodiesel /Biomass solar Tidal o Enhancing civilian thermo thermo thermo thermonuclear capacity 1. Introduction Energy is considered to be life row of any deliverance and nigh vital instrument of socio sparing development of a state. Energy is opposite in c ampaign machinery in factories and industrial units, for lighting our cities and powering our vehicles etc. on that point has been an enormous join on in the demand of nothing as a result of industrial development and cosmos developing, in parity to enhancement in vim way out. Supply of heftiness is, on that pointfore, far less than the actual demand, resultantly crisis has emerged. An efficiency crisis pot be defined as any great bottleneck (or m wholenesstary value rise) in the leave of vitality resources to an economy. 2. Pakistans Energy Sector Pakistans zip fastener base is not well developed, rather it is considered to be underdeveloped and indisposed managed. veritablely the pastoral is facing severe thrust crisis.Despite of well economic growth and rising animation demand during then(prenominal) decade, no honorable efforts save been made to install new capacity of generation. Moreover, rapid demand growth, transmission losses due to overage infrastr ucture, power stealing, and seasonal reductions in the availability of hydropower get worsened the situation. Consequently, the demand exceeds offer and wherefore load- throw is a common phenomenon through with(predicate) power shutdown. 2. 1 Energy Supply During 2009-10, Energy translate and per capita availability of zilch witnessed a until now off of 0. 64 % and 3. 09 % respectively in comparison to forward year.Pakistan involve around 15,000 to 20000 MW electricity per day, however, currently it is able to call forth about 11,500 MW per day hence there is a shortfall of about 4000 to 9000 MW per day. This shortage is badly hampering the economic growth of the nation. 2. 2 Energy Consumption Pakistans vim utilisation is met by mix of shoot a flexure, oil, electricity, coal and LPG sources with different level of shargons. cover of ordnance employment stood at 43. 7 %, followed by oil 29. 0 part, electricity 15. 3 share, coal 10. 4 percent and LPG 1. 5 per cent. 3. Sources of Energy in Pakistan 3. 1 Non-renewable resources (Fossil send aways)Limited ExpensiveNon renewable resources ar in general fogey fuels emanating from cadaver/decomposition of animals and builds deposited deep into the earth bitterness and win overed into oil and bungle. These resources fundamentnot be replenished. There atomic number 18 three main types of fossil fuels coal, rock oil, natural gas and liquefied rock oil gas (LPG). a). Petroleum products In 2009-10, ingestion of crude oil products was 29% of total sh ar of nix. Majority of rasping oil is import from gulf countries to meet the demand. Power, industry and transport sphere of influences consume higher quantity of petroleum followed by agriculture and house holds.Petroleum is also used in generation of electricity, which counts 64 percent of total electricity generation (34 approach shot from hydro generation). Balance recoverable re servicings of crude oil in domain pass on been e stimated at 303. 63 jillion barrels and we argon suck outing nearly 24 peerless million million million crude oil annually, core if we do not explore new wells, we will exhaust our current crude oil reserves in 12-13 big time. b). Natural Gas Importance of natural gas is change magnitude rapidly. Average drudgery of natural gas is 4,048. 76 million box-shaped feet per day as over a dischargest 3,986. 53 million during corresponding last year, showing an incr unbosom of 1. 6 percent. Natural gas is used in general industry to doctor consumer items, to seduceulate cement, for manufacturing fertilizers and to generate electricity. In form of CNG, it is used in transport domain. Shargon of natural gas in energy consumption is 43. 7 percent. Due to price differential between CNG and Petrol, vehicles atomic number 18 development converted to CNG and approximately 2. 0 million vehicles are development CNG and currently Pakistan is the largest CNG drug user country in th e world. Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) contributes around 0. 7 percent to total energy submit in country and is be import to break deforestation in hilly areas. ). Coal Pakistan has coal reserves estimated at over 185 billion tonnes, including nonpareil hundred seventy-five billion tonnes determine at Thar coalfield. Coal is primarily beingness used in brick kiln and cement industries and approximately 67 percent coal is imported because indigenous coal is not considered of nice quality. Guddu plant is largest plant caloric operated plant with a capacity of 1,650 MW, while two largest Independent Power Plants (IPPs) in Pakistan are Kot add togetheru (1,600 MW) and Hubb River (1,300 MW). 3. 2 Renewable Resources (Unlimited sustainable clean)Renewable energy resources are those, which are naturally replenished and comes from resources such(prenominal) as water establishment, cheer, lead story, rain, tides, and geothermal heat. a). Hydro power Hydro power is generated by using electricity generators to extract energy from moving water. Pakistan is having affluent resource of energy in hydal power, however, only 34 % of total electricity generation is coming from hydro power. Currently we are having 6555 MW against the potential of 41000 to 45000 MW. Current Hydropower stations Tarbella dekameter 3,478 MW Ghazi Brotha 1450 MW Mangla 1,000 MW Warsak 240 MW Chashma 184 MW Potential Hydropower stationsDiamer-Bhasha obstruct 4500 MW Munda Dam Swat river in Mohamand Agency 740 MW Kalabagh Dam 2400-3600 MW Bunji Dam 5400 MW Dasu Dam 3800 MW 3. 3 Alternative Sources of Energy a). Wind Wind power harnesses the power of the wind to propel the blades of wind turbines. These turbines cause the revolution of magnets, which creates electricity. Though Pakistan has potentials of wind energy ranging from ten thousand MW to 50000 MW, yet power generation through wind is in initial stages in Pakistan and currently 06 MW has been installed in first stage in Jhampir through a Turkish company and 50 MW will be installed shortly.More wind power plants will be built in Jhampir, Gharo, Keti Bandar and Bin Qasim Karachi. b). solar Solar power involves using solar cells to convert sunlight into electricity, using sunlight hitting solar thermal panels to convert sunlight to heat water or air. Pakistan has potential of more than 100,000 MW from solar energy. construction of solar power plants is underway in Kashmir, Punjab, Sindh and Balochistan. However, private vendors are importing panels / solar water heaters for consumption in the market. Alternative Energy information Board (AEDB) is make a motionning(a) for 20,000 solar water heaters in Gilgit Baltistan.Mobile companies have been asked by the government to shift supply of energy to their transmission towers from petroleum to solar energy panels. c). Agricultural biomass /biodiesel Biomass production involves using garbage or other renewable resources such as sugar rottere, corn or other vegetation to generate electricity. When garbage decomposes, methane is produced and captured in pipes and later burned to produce electricity. Vegetation and wood hobo be burned immediately to generate energy, interchangeable fossil fuels, or processed to form alcohols.Brazil has one of the largest renewable energy programs from biomass/biodiesel in the world, followed by USA. Alternative Energy Development Board (AEDB) of Pakistan has planned to generate 10 MW of electricity from municipal waste in Karachi followed by similar projects in twenty cities of country. d). Tidal Tidal power net be extracted from Moon- graveness-powered tides by locating a water turbine in a tidal current. The turbine can turn an electrical generator, or a gas compressor, that can wherefore store energy until needed. Coastal tides are a source of clean, free, renewable, and sustainable energy.Plans are underway in Pakistan to harness tidal energy, however, no writ of exe stingerion has been made so far. 3. 4 Nuclear Nuclear power stations use nuclear fission reaction to generate energy by the reaction of uranium inside a nuclear reactor. Pakistan has a midget nuclear power program, with 425 MW capacity, but there are plans to increase this capacity substantially. Since Pakistan is outside the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty, it is excluded from trade in nuclear plant or materials, which hinders its development of civil nuclear energy.Remaining issues in development of nuclear energy are enricment of uranium from U235 to U238, imperious mountain range reaction and dumping of solid waste. Pakistan Nuclear Power Reactors Reactor character MW Construction started Commercial operation Karachi PHWR one hundred twenty-five 1966 1972 Chashma 1 PWR 300 1993 2000 Chashma 2 PWR 300 2005 expected 2011 radical 425 MW * Pressurized heavy water reactor (PHWR) Canadian based reactors ** Pressurized water reactor (PWR) Chinese based reactors 4. Causes of Energy Crisis Pakista ns energy crisis traces its roots to following distinct causes * maturation Energy Demand over the years there is great need of energy because of increase in population, enhancement in lifestyle industrial and unsophisticated growth greater transportation of necessity * wish of proactive and integrated planning for production of energy Pakistan has had wider potentials to tap energy, however, due to overlook of any integrated/proactive planning, very less number of power producing plant were installed to meet futuristic demands. Resultantly, over the years, the sally between energy demand and supply drastically grew and now against demand of 20000 MW, we are having around 11500 MW. Imbalanced energy energy mix Energy mix in Pakistan is quite imbalance in comparison to other countries, with greater reliance on non-renewable resources of gas (43. 7 %) and oil (29 % majority of which is imported). Prices of petroleum products/crude oil swerve and in current Afro-Arab g overnmental crisis, the oil prices are likely to increase complicated affecting oil prices in Pakistan. A rational energy mix planning ought to be developed giving greater dependency to renewable (hydel power), indigenous (coal) and utility(a) energy resources (wind and solar energy).Nuclear energy can * Non-utilization of enormous indigenous energy resources o Thar Coal Pakistan is having one of the largest coal fields in Thar, having reserves of more than 175 billion tones, which exceeds equivalent oil reserves of Saudi Arabia, Iran etc. In addition to power generation, this coal can be used for chemical and fertilizer production. Moreover, mesh provided to workforce can be subservient in increase GDP and economic prosperity to many families. o Hydal power generation Pakistan has potential of hydro resources to generate 41000 to 45000 MW, however, only 6555 MW is currently being generated by this all important(p) renewable resource. Four large hydro power dams namely Kalabagh 3600 MW, Bhasha 4500 MW, Bunji 5400 MW and Dasu 3800 MW can be constructed to generate hydro electricity. Similarly, many small to medium hydro plants can be installed on rivers and canals etc. 5. Consequences of Energy Crisis i). Economic Factors Energy is pivotal for running all other resources and crisis of energy fearfulctly influences all other spheres of the economy.The economic win is hampered by decline in agricultural productiveness as well as by halting in operations of industries. One important factor of impose GDP and ostentation of commodity prices in recent years is attributed to shortfalls in energy supply. ii). Agriculture Sector Agricultural productivity of Pakistan is decreasing due to provision of energy for running tube wells, agricultural machinery and production of fertilizers and pesticides. Thus higher energy authority higher agricultural productivity. iii).Industrial Sector well all Industrial units are run with the energy and breakage in energy supp ly is having dire consequences on industrial growth. As a result of decline in energy supply, industrial units are not only being opened, but also the existing industrial units are gradually closing. iv). Unemployment By closure of industrial units and less agricultural productivity, new employment opportunities ceased to exist and already diligent manpower is shredded by the employers to increase their gather ratios. Thus energy crisis contributes towards unemployment. v).Social Issues This factor is primarily related to the municipal usage of energy (cooking, heating and water provision). Load shedding cause unrest and frustration amongst the concourse and results in agitation against the government. vi). Poverty dip in economic growth, lower agricultural productivity, unemployment and shackling industrial growth result in increasing distress. Currently, around forty percent of our population is living beyond poverty line and this ratio is increasing day by day. Ample contr ol of energy crisis will surely yield in hold back the menace of poverty. 6. ConclusionEnergy Crisis has, more or less, plagued all sectors of Pakistans machinery ranging from economy to industry, agriculture to social life, inflation to poverty and it is hampering national make headway in a drastic manner. Nonetheless, menace of energy crisis can be overwhelmed by government through making in force(p) policies and its proactive writ of execution. Simultaneously, it is the responsibility of us, the people of Pakistan, to utilize the available energy astutely and wisely to prank our due role for progress of the country. 7. Recomendations/Solutions of Energy Crisis Energy crisis can be curtailed by ). Reducing unnecessary energy use o Usage of electricity saving devices o Awareness campaign for energy saving o Reduction in unnecessary transportations by developing trade good public transport systems and strengthening Pakistan railways o Reduction in industrial uses with induct ion of effective equipment/ energy efficient and with increasing efficiency of workforce (cost effective) o Decreasing reliance on rental power projects, because instead of doing any good, they are increasing prices of electricity. o Decreasing line losses by using efficient power transmission cables ii).Developing new energy resources o Tapping indigenous resources (Thar coal) o Using renewable resources (water) by constructing new dams and hydro power plants o Import of natural gas by IPI (Iran Pakistan India) and TAPI (Turkmenistan, Afghanistaniistan, Pakistan and India) pipelines o Import of electricity from Tajikistan -through Pak Afghan Tajikistan transmission- and Iran (approximately 1000 MW from separately of them) pipelines o Utilizing ersatz energy resources Wind power Biodiesel /Biomass Solar Tidal o Enhancing civilian nuclear capacity ENERGY CRISIS IN PAKISTAN IntroductionPresent scenario of crisis Demand supply transgress Counter measures Reasons of energy cris is Un heartyistic plans and improper implementation distress of introducing new projects Underutilization of resources Circular debt International oil prices Provincial prejudices Water shortage transmitting losses Power wastage Theft of electric power Accelerating demand Minimal research/ geographic expedition Immediate efforts/goals RPPs Stabilizing industrial sector Limiting commercial supply hours Short term goals Reviving non structural power plants Revamping transmission system Thar coal project IPI gas pipeline project flip out/renewable energy sources prospicient term goals Conforming foreign form _or_ system of government and energy needs New dams artlessness Efficient techniques and usage Measures against power theft Energy crisis in transportation sector Biofuels/synfuels Standard of public transport system Hurdles Lack of will and implementation Corruption and malpractices Trust dearth termination It is evident that the fortune o f the worlds human populations, for get around or for worse, are inextricably coordinated with the use that is made of energy resources. M. poove Hubbert The nexus between economic prosperity and self sufficiency in energy has change state essentially vital for Pakistan. Today the energy crisis looming before us is the climax of a abundant list of governmental misadventures, malpractices on with inefficient ways of consumption and a perpetually fragile economy. The futility of manifest counter measures can be attributed to thudding or non existent exploration and exploitation of new resources outdated administrative and adept systems lack of tactful diplomacy at international level, all requiring immediate help.Presently, the demand-supply spread in the energy sector has reached one of its highest in the country. This gap subsequently produced great shortage of power that has adversely touched the economy. The crippling economy was further damage when many industrial units had to be shut down, rendering thousands jobless. Consequently, this on going chain of crises is accelerating inflation. The government has intended to counter it with lease Power Plants (RPPs) like the previous IPPs and to ease the burden on common man the authorities claim to be providing unvarying subsidies in the power sector.However, the continual swan dearth on the part of lot is not only due to the transparency issue of RPPs, it is majorly due to a constant increase in power failures and shortage, show an increase in the crisis instead of signs of recovery. If we take a look at the factors contribute to this enormous problem, the first and foremost one comes out to be the absence of any long term planning along with constant application of such plans. Sadly, the failures of previous governments to increase the supply of energy by new measures against the escalating demand are glaringly obvious.Small scale projects like the Ghazi barotha only put a temporary halt to the arriving crisis instead of nipping it in the bud. Secondly, the under utilization of available resources- especially hydroelectric one which can produce double the energy it is producing now- is another major setback. The government again fails or neglects to consider the shortages in overwinter and up-gradation of the hydroelectric and the thermal plants regularly. Thirdly, the circular debt is like an invisible impediment subtly fuelling up the crisis.It is an inheritance of former subsidies which the government failed to repair to the power companies, who in turn could not pay the oil and gas companies for supplies. Add to this the fluctuating international oil prices and the impuissance economy_ the war against terrorism and decreasing abroad Direct investment-worsened the problem and induced further power and imported oil shortage. Subsequently, the political heads had to turn their eyes back to hydroelectric power generation.But the projects like Kalabagh Dam became victims of pin down mindedness and peasant prejudices which led to failure of consensus of opinion. Had the Kalabagh Dam been built on time, we would not be confronted with this crisis today. Also the acute shortage of water the curtailed supply in eastern rivers by India major consumption and wastage of water in irrigation and the decreasing capacity of Mangela and Terbela Dams due to sediment render the hydroelectric power generation equally problematic as the thermal power generation.Of the chronic factors, the heavy line losses plus the old and poorly maintained transmission system is a grave administrative and technical failure of public sector power companies. These line losses are comparatively very low elsewhere in the world. Similarly, in the industrial and agricultural sectors which avail more than seventy percent of total power, the outdated techniques and malpractices of consumption waste more than a third of the consumed power. Moreover, the masses do not remain no okie in adding to this loss. The theft of electricity, especially in urban areas has become a routine matter.Due to the decades old erudition that this is a never ending crisis and no accountability whatsoever, people tend to use unfair means of obtaining electric power. nearly other reason is the unprecedented increase in demand of energy. It is due to the curve of enjoying august life style in the past decade. This increased demand by the domesticated section has greatly disturbed the normally articulated demand and consumption status. subsist but not least, snail paced research, stripped exploitation of new energy reserves and exploration of new oil and gas field damages progress in the energy sector.Couple this with the never ending subversion and lack of implementation in government and power companies this crisis has become a reconciled and self perpetuating one. Seen in this perspective, Pakistan not only needs immediate efforts to reduce the demand-supply gap but a lso well-nigh fatten and well chalked out immediate, short and long term plans and efforts. Thankfully, some sections in the hostelry are aware of the magnanimity of this dire problem. The RPPs are expected to start on the job(p) soon and the subsidies in the energy sector are until now cushioning at least a part of the blow.But the real issue is of determining priorities and extracting maximum results even from this bleak scenario. Keeping this in view, the first policy of the government should be to supply uninterrupted supply of power to the industrial units, small or big, especially in industrial cities like Faisalabad, Gujaranwala. Also the power supply should be continuous for small local businesses throughout the country. Even if it equates to the perpetuation of the domestic shortage for a while, at least half of the RPPs should be employed for the industrial section.In addition, there are some non-operating power stations in the country which only require a wee inves tment and technical improvements to revive them. such(prenominal) power units should be made effective to pull the economy out of complete doom. Secondly, the markets and shopping centers should be strictly obligate to close their business till 10 pm at night. This save power in different parts of each city can be diverted towards the domestic consumers by means of an effective administrative local system. The media and provincial governments would be of utmost importance in this strategy.The media specially, can acquire public support and train masses in this regard. Resultantly, they will be able to remove the trust deficit between the government and the people. Coming on to the short term goals, the main way should be on the revival of those suddenly power generation units in Sindh and Punjab which can be made functional again and the doctrinal up-gradation of thermal and hydroelectric plants. Resultantly, these projects will maintain the smooth flow of energy and will at l east keep any further widening in the demand-supply gap.Similarly, the stand-in of transmission lines to reduce losses should fall under the auspices of the provincial governments and ministries with proper allocation of budget from the center. The replacement of expired transmission systems is long overdue. This process moldiness(prenominal) be gradual and systematic to refrain from becoming a run on the resources and it should be initiated from areas most staidly hit by energy shortage. subsequently curbing and curing the internal ills, the attention should be diverted to exploration of new fossil fuel reserves (natural gas).As the thermally generated accounts for the major share of power in Pakistan, it should be dealt with effectively. Contrary to the deficit of oil reserves, the coal reserves in Pakistan are the second largest in the world. But the checker in switching from indigenous energy sources to coal is due to the snail paced progress in the Thar Coal Project that is in collaboration with China. China rocketing economy has control coal industry into a new era of efficient utilization. Pakistan should take concern from Chinas example and should gain technical assistance from it.Both countries can cooperate in Gwadar and Thar to explore and exploit new gas and coal reserves. Coming on to the gas pipeline projects, the IRAN-PAKISTAN-INDIA (IPI) pipeline is most realistic plausible one presently. It is at an expeditiously advanced stage of implementation but has fallen prey to the departure in pricing formulas and trust deficit between India and Pakistan. Both the thar coal and IPI project require tactful diplomatic maneuvering and amend ties with India. An agreement between the two countries on IPI will enhance the prospects of re result the water issue as well.Another aspect of solving this problem is the utilization of stand out and renewable resources of energy. It has been adopted by many developing and developed countries of the count ry to avert this crisis, such as Brazil, India, U. S. , Holland etc. Pakistan however, lags far behind in this regard. Consequently, some NGOs and public communities have took initiative in harnessing the renewable resources of energy such as wind and solar power. Pakistan is ideally situated to make use of both these resources. Isolated cases of developing these modes of energy can be seen in the illages of Thar quit ( solar energy ) and in some areas of Thattha and Karachi ( wind energy ) but it still needs massive government support. Interestingly, the Alternate Energy Development Board (AEDB) of Pakistan has poised data of all areas in the country suitable for making use of these alternate sources of energy but initiative for utilization of these sources are absent. Pakistan can very efficiently make use of its long day light hours and wind power in the coastal region to produce power for upcoming years.Most important in the long term planning and goals must be to streamline t he foreign policy of the country according to its economic and energy needs. better and increasing ties with future tense energy rich countries must not be neglected. As mentioned earlier, China can be a great asset in technical training and facilities. Similarly, bilateral relations with Russia, cardinal Asian, East African states needs to be strengthened. These countries are the new energy hubs of the world, and being mostly land locked (C. A. states) can make use of Gwadar port and in return assist Pakistan as well.Taking Provincial prejudices and political science into view, the matters which are indispensable for the survival of the country and economy should be kept preceding(prenominal) such strife. Building new dams, at least Kalabagh dam should be taken on without and delay. Transparency and clarity in the policies and implementation methods of government and public sector power companies is of paramount importance. Without checking corruption and applying compressed measures against malpractices, all well executed policies will ultimately become another beetle off for the economy.Moreover, educating the stakeholders and workers in the industrial and agricultural sectors on adoption of new and efficient practices of water and energy consumption will tend to reduce the wastage of energy. The theft of electricity must be considered and declared a flagitious crime and any violations by domestic or industrial users should be liable to legal penalties and complete power cut off for such consumers. Taking a look at the energy crisis in the transportation sector, there is no precariousness that fossil fuels are indeed depleting in the world and of reserves natural gas in Pakistan.To curb the hike in prices and supply shortage , research and exploration of new sites must be presumptuousness impetus under the patronage of AEDB. Meanwhile, bio fuel ( alcohol or synthetic fuel ) can be produced quite easily in Pakistan. Raw materials for this fuel b eing wheat and other cereals are in ample supply in Pakistan. alcohol can be easily prompt by fermentation of molasses and is already a proper local industry in the country it just needs to be diverted in the right course. Finally, the system and standard of public transport must be improved to discourage the trend of personal vehicles which leads to greater demands of fuel.Making policies has never been the wassail of our government. It is the lack of implementation which keeps the wheel of crisis moving. Today our government not only needs to take initiatives and hard decisions it also needs to give a boost to the destruction economy by providing unimpeded supply of power to industries. Secondly, corruption, misuse of funds, malpractices of energy consumption and wastage must b avoided and eradicated at all costs. Last but not least, the public trust and support is of utmost important. No policy can succeed if it doesnt enjoy public support.Media can play an effective role in creating sentience and trust that it is actually a spherical crisis which can only be lick with help and conscious effort by every citizen. Conclusively, curbing the energy crisis requires transparent efforts at every level imaginable. The future policies and projects should be so oriented as to make Pakistan self sufficient in the energy sector. Self sufficiency in the energy sector will be the key to a flourishing economy, and a stable economy can serve as a device of curbing several interlinked adversities. The sooner we realize the gravity of this as a whole, the sooner we will emerge out of this crisis.