Critically evaluate the contribution of the Essay Example

Critically evaluate the contribution of the Essay Critically measure the part of the classical school of theoretician to our apprehension of administration direction Introduction We will write a custom essay sample on Critically evaluate the contribution of the specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Critically evaluate the contribution of the specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Critically evaluate the contribution of the specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Schools of direction idea forms the theoretical foundation for direction surveies. These schools of idea have emerged in the late nineteenth century, and evolved over the centuries supplying rich political orientations in the apprehension of direction techniques, organisational behavior, and patterns. The schools of direction ideas are categorized into three wide classs, viz. classical, behavioral and systems schools. Among these, the classical schools of theoreticians are possibly the most controversial yet cardinal to direction surveies. The classical schools of direction thought belongs to the oldest group of theoreticians whose concerns have been to increase organisational efficiency. Theorists in the classical schools therefore dominate the survey of direction in the stipulating how work processes and organisational efficiency can be improved through assorted theoretical models and patterns. Statement The undermentioned subdivision is a critical rating of how classical schools of direction theoreticians contribute to our apprehension of organisational direction. It aims to explicate that classical theoreticians continue to be the foundation of organisational surveies because they help us understand the cosmopolitan organisational elements such as human behavior, organisational construction and procedures. Discussion Management is the survey of organisational behaviors. It is a societal scientific discipline subject that uses scientific methods to set up and formalize theories. Historically, the direction subject had bordered the survey of behavioral and natural surveies. However as the subject progressed, assorted theoreticians established that organisational direction is a combination of the survey of procedures and direction techniques every bit good as human psychological science. This conceptualisation did non emerge instantly but bit by bit progressed by the classical school of theoreticians from the late nineteenth century through the twenty-first century [ 1 ] . The classical school of direction theory possibly began with Tomas Bata whose direction system became the footing for scholarly involvements in the late nineteenth century. He believed in the development of the workplace depended on the workers every bit good as on leaders who were responsible for understanding, analysing and larning about organisational procedures. He emphasized on the usage of engineering for volume and quality production. Thus, Bata part had been based on the extremist invention in transforming organisational resources and its efficient use. [ 2 ] Similarly, Edward Cadbury in the early twentieth century introduced the Bourneville construct. The basic premiss of the proprietor of the cocoa company had been to put in his work force to guarantee they were more productive. This in bend would construct good will with the workers every bit good as the community, which the company served. Possibly Edward and his male parent George Cadbury were the first to present a system for human resources direction, which became a widespread phenomenon even today [ 3 ] . Similarly, Max Boisot introduced the influential thought of constructing organisational constructions to ease human activities, and thereby influenced their efficiency. This processed involved the edifice of organisational communicating construction that would ease inter-communication every bit good as circulation of cognition to better productiveness and efficiency. [ 4 ] These early enterprises by Boisot, Cadbury, Bat’a and a host of others perked the involvements of bookmans of the direction subject. Classical schools of direction idea were formalized by the surveies carried out by bookmans and practicians like Taylor, Fayol, Weber, Drucker etc. Today, their surveies have been grouped as the scientific, administrative and bureaucratism direction. Scientific direction emerged during the period of industrialisation and societal passage. Frederick W. Taylor was its chief innovator who was of the position that direction was the survey of best method for carry throughing organisational undertakings by choosing qualified staffs, trained them to work in cooperation with the direction to accomplish common opportunisms. Taylor s survey introduced the formal credence of human resources direction by set uping criterions, wage systems, policies and public presentation direction. His positions have greatly contributed to modern twenty-four hours direction as it allowed studiers to understand direction is a scientific discipline of all direction procedures and applications. [ 5 ] Scientific attack to direction survey moreover aids modern twenty-four hours practicians in understanding how human behavior could be integrated in organisational constructions and procedures. Peter Drucker for illustration posited that staff public presentation is based on aims, while aims determine the public presentation of the organisation. Douglas McGregor furthers this political orientation and writes that the director is the key to driving the subsidiaries frontward by actuating them and training them to concentrate on the aims. [ 6 ] Related to behavioral integrating is the experience-based apprehension of direction. Classical administrative theoretician Henri Fayol at the beginning of the twentieth century studied the experiences and processes that directors go through. He stated that all organisations engage in activities such as production, commercialism, finance, security, accounting and direction. As organisations became larger, they need to concentrate on the elements of control and coordination to guarantee undertakings were completed and resources were utilised expeditiously. He introduced the construct of POSDCORB ( planning, organizing, staffing, directing, co-ordinating, coverage and budgeting ) . Furthermore, he besides stated that activities in organisations can be categorized based on his celebrated 14 rules so that the director could minimise hazards and uncertainness at the workplace. This he surmised from his observations of directors and their day-to-day activities. [ 7 ] Thus, for Fayol directi on was about organisation of undertakings and activities so that the director has more clip to concentrate on organisational efficiency. Max Weber who introduced the construct of bureaucratism direction has taken up this construct of organisational efficiency. Weber was of the position that organisations are made of societal relationships of people working within the organisation every bit good as those working exterior of the organisation. The hierarchy of the authorization to guarantee the organisation run expeditiously was governed by the organisational construction and civilization. [ 8 ] Weber introduced the construct of formal organisation and stated that workers need to follow concatenation of bids, and likewise should be treated as particular groups with specialization, specific imposts, makings, emotions and stuff involvements. Those with the most materiality have the highest bid and authorization because they have the power to influence others. However, for an organisation to be effectual, rational regulations and systems should be set up to guarantee maltreatment of power does non happen and obedience achie ved. [ 9 ] The premiss of bureaucratism theoreticians had been to stress on the relation of the organisation with the civil society and those within it. By specifying constructions, hierarchy and concatenation of bids these theoreticians believed directors would be able to extinguish the hazard of noncompliance and/or misconstruing or abuse of interpersonal dealingss. Decision Given the above treatment, the research worker is of the position that the classical schools of direction theoreticians based their conceptual models on the generalised direction patterns and experiences of the persons. They are practical even in today s environment because they have been based on human behaviors and its apprehension. Since human behaviors are dynamic, direction ideas or surveies that follow it besides become dynamic, and applicable in any given state of affairs regardless of the clip period. However, theoreticians like Weber and his followings based their constructs on organisational construction and hierarchy tends to go out-of-date because one must understand that organisations evolve harmonizing to societal demands, technological alteration, political influence and environment advancement, hence establishing direction premiss on old organisational construction and theoretical accounts becomes excess. For this ground, one could state that the classical schools of thought tend to go limited at times in explicating modern twenty-four hours direction issues. Bibliography Ackroyd S and Fleetwood, S ( 2000 ) Realist Perspectives on Management and Organisations. Routledge: London. Barnett, T. ( 2006 ) Management Thought, Reference for Business, Thomson Gale, Online accessed on 22 June 2006 from: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.referenceforbusiness.com/management/Log-Mar/Management-Thought.html Fayol, H ( 1949 ) General and Industrial Administration. Sir Issac Pitman A ; Sons, Ltd. : London. Harding N ( 2003 ) The Social Construction of Management: Text and Identities. Routledge: New York. Miller, T R and Vaughan B J ( 2001 ) Messages from the Management Past: Authoritative Writers and Contemporary Problems. SAM Advanced Management Journal. Volume: 66. Issue: 1. pp4 Miner, J B ( 2002 ) Organizational Behavior: Foundations, Theories, and Analyses. Oxford University Press: New York, pp59 Witzel, M ( 2003 ) Fifty Key Figures in Management. Routledge: New York. 1

Essay about Alive, but Without Life

Essay about Alive, but Without Life Essay about Alive, but Without Life Alive, but without life Alzheimer’s The Silent Disease Abstract The purpose of this paper is to describe Alzheimer’s disease and the affects it has on humans. Alzheimer’s is a sad deadly disease that aged people fear of having. Sadly more than half the population in humans 75 and old have it in one form or another. There are other types if memory disease, however, this paper is only going to cover Alzheimer’s disease. This disease is the fifth leading cause of death in elderly people. However, there is no cure and no ways on know exactly what causes Alzheimer’s disease. Alzheimer’s disease is a disease that affects the behavior, thought process and the memory of older people. A German Doctor named DR. Alois Alzheimer, discovered Alzheimer’s by observing a patient and her reaction to certain things. This patient died after years of degenerating memory problems, confusion and difficulty understanding questions. After her death Dr. Alzheimer’s performed an autopsy, his finding were very inconclusive. He found dense deposits around the nerve cells he called this neuritic plaques. Inside the nerve cell, he discovered twisted bands of fibers called neurifibrillary tangles. Neuritic plaques are the pieces or protein and other matter that surround the neuron. The neurifibrillary tangles are protein build up inside the neuron. These two work together to disrupt the brain normal function and increases when someone has AD. Our brain have these two things in them to begin with, they just have more with AD. Sadly, Alzheimer’s disease is none to be the fifth leading cause of death in people 65 and older. After his discovery in 1906, of this usual disease Dr. Alzheimer’s studied AD until his death in 1915. He had no idea that this discovery would bear his name a few years after his death. At the time of his discovery, Dr. Alzheimer thought an organic matter caused the disorder. However, to this day the cause of AD is still unknown. Dr. Alzheimer died December 19, 1915 of tonsillitis, which resulted in him getting nephritis. While alive, he published multiply papers on dementia and the different kinds and there affects to the human brain. Since its discoverer y, there have been many breakthroughs, like the discovery of a link between cognitive decline and the number of plagues and tangles in the brain. In the 1960’s, when this discovery was made about the cognitive decline, the medical board recognized that is was not a normal part of aging and that something had to be done to cure it. Since then AD has have a large increase of attention into the nerve cells in the human brain. Alzheimer’s disease is a progressive disease that gets worse over time, until the person dies. In many cases, AD is actually the cause of death or the reaction to causing the person to get another illness.AD is a leading cause of pneumonia in people 85 and older, because they forget to keep themselves up (like taking their medications) and they sometime forget to swallow the mucus inside them causing pneumonia. As with the rest of our bodies our brain has to change to adapt to the changes we go through during life. AD leads to nerve cell and tissue loss threw out the whole brain. Over time, the brain of someone with AD shrinks causing it to loss normal functioning. In today’s research, there have been many discoveries of there being stages that come along with AD. Researchers have discovered there are ten stages of AD. Stage one being the stage where someone starts to have a greater a mount of memory loss that may disrupt his or her daily lives. The most common side effect in the beginning is forgetting things they just learned. In the second stage, people start to have problems with problem solving and planning things. People with AD may start to notice the little things like not being able to follow a plan or even work out problems with numbers; there concentration seems to decrease in this stage. The third stage gets to

Financial Management Principles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Financial Management Principles - Essay Example As an international player, the company is also very aggressive in pursuing strategies to capture rapidly developing economies in Europe and Asia. As an investor, I believe that an investment in Dell will yield substantial profit. Its leadership position in the global information technology (IT) industry makes it very attractive to investors. The unique and innovative business model of Dell which eliminates wastage and significantly increases production efficiency gives it strong brand equity. This good reputation significantly bids up the price of its stock. Dell's efficiency contributes to profitability. Dell's stock is a good investment as reflected on its various financial ratios. Table 1 shows the financial ratios of Dell which is divided in four groups-profitability, leverage, activity, and efficiency. Based on Table 1, Dell shows superior profitability. The company's return on equity is 86.5 % which reveals that every dollar invested in the firm's stock will yields $.856 cents within a year. The company also generates a return on asset of 15.5% while gross margin accounts for 18.2% of the entire revenue. The company's profitability ratios reflect its efficient cost management. Dell is recognized as one of the most efficient companies in the IT industry.

Leadership Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Leadership - Case Study Example This theory encourages leaders to make sure that there are no roadblocks that might hinder their subordinates from realizing both their goals and those of the organization. It also dictates that leaders should incorporate rewards as their employees continue to reach the organizations goal. Finally, leaders should clarify what path subordinates are expected to pursue in order for them to know what is required of them. Approach of this theory hugely depends on the situation the leadership faces. For example, giving rewards greatly depends on whether the organization is in a financial situation to give such gifts and prizes. As a result, this theory categorizes leadership into four styles which are, Achievement oriented, Directive, supportive and participative leadership. Supportive leadership involves the leader concentrating on his followers’ or subordinate’s needs by being concerned on their welfare. This creates a working environment which is friendly by making their s ubordinates to feel that their work is interesting. This should be often applied in situations where work is extremely dangerous, boring or stressful. Directive leadership entails leaders instructing their subordinates on what is expected of them giving them guidance often. The leader should schedule work for their subordinates allocating time for each activity. ... As a principle the path goal theory can be very instrumental in ensuring the academic success of the students. I will hold weekly staff meetings to encourage teachers to formulate goals on which they will ensure that by the time the weekends, a specific section of the curriculum will have been met. I will also encourage teachers to ensure that they should consider teaching a service the community and not just a means of earning a live. By teaching their students well they will ensure that the students have a great future as a result of the education they get from their teachers. I expect this application of the theory to work because it stipulates other employee motivation concepts that do not involve the use of money. This will help a lot because the school is in no financial position to motivate teachers using methods that require extra money. Question two In order to ensure that the school is succeeding academically as a principle, I must ensure that the teachers are motivated in other ways since the school cannot afford to motivate teachers using the normal motivation techniques such bonuses, gifts and prizes. To do so I should incorporate the goal setting theory of motivation. This is a theory stipulates that setting of goals is majorly associated with task performance. In the theory, goals which are challenging and specific greatly result in task performance that is higher and better. When combined with feedback from subordinates, it ensures that organizations meet their goals. The theory simply implies that goals usually direct and indicate to an employee the direction which an organization wants to allow in order to ensure that the

Haven''t figure out Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words - 1

Haven''t figure out - Article Example Culture, on the other hand, represents the set of practices that define a particular society. Persons with the same culture tend to have similar interpretations of the surrounding events. The reason is that the individuals share that the linguistics they share represent. In other words, the linguistics of a particular society tends to illuminate on the culture of a particular society. The reason is that the language is the biggest composition of the culture of a particular people. The culture thus involves the different behaviors that make up the lifestyle of a particular group. The cultural difference is the distinction that tends to form a contrast in different ideas that are acceptable to the contrasting societies. However, the variation may be due to the different level of understanding or due to other factors. Those people practices are the primary sources of the differences in culture. The study of culture, language and the consequent culture differences tend to have a significant impact. The step is the source for cohesion in most of the conflicting societies in the world. The understanding of culture and the basic changes that characterize its transmission help in the knowledge of the behavior and attitudes of the society under study. The perception tends to improve on the mutual tolerance. The action correspondingly improves on the unity and peace that characterizes the populations that accrue around the globe. The article above is a constituent article that can appear in a magazine or a periodical. However, the best document is an online site. The site is optimum since it tends to provide a direct link and distribution of the literature is simpler and much easier to reach the target market. The focus on the culture and the different perspectives needs to appear in weekly publications (Jones, 2002). The reason is that the topic on culture is significant in the maintenance of a cohesive society. Besides, the publication

Life Of William Shakespeare English Literature Essay

Life Of William Shakespeare English Literature Essay William Shakespeare is arguably one of the most famous writers of all time. He has written thirty eight plays, two narrative poems, several other poems and one hundred fifty four sonnets. Some of his most famous poems are Hamlet and Romeo and Juliet. Those two poems are just a few of the many poems Shakespeare wrote. I think Shakespeare is a remarkable person because he accomplished so much in just fifty two years of his life. William Shakespeare was born in Stratford-upon-Avon on April 23, 1564 to his parents Mary Arden and John Shakespeare. Shakespeare was the third child of eight. He was the oldest surviving son, because in the time Shakespeare was born there was a plague going around called the Bubonic Plague. This is also known as Black Death because it killed so many people in the middle ages. It supposedly killed about one out of every seven people. Not very much is known about Shakespeares early years in life, the only way historians found about his early life were based on church records, and court settlements. It was thought that Shakespeare got his education at a grammar school called King Edward VI School Stratford-upon-Avon. When Shakespeare was eighteen, he married a woman who was eight years older than him, her name was Anne Hathaway. Together they had three children. The first was a girl named Susanna and then two years later they had twins, one boy name Hamnet and a daughter named Judith. Hamnet died at the age of 11 of unknown causes. After the death of Shakespeares only son supposedly Shakespeare was never the same. Historians have no clue what happened in Shakespeares life between the years of 1585-1592. Historians call this time of his life the lost years. No one is really sure when Shakespeare started writing but they think it was in 1592 when some of his plays were starting to be performed on stage in London. Shakespeare has had a lot of numerous plays and almost all of them were performed in his time. Some of his first works include Richard III and parts of Henry VI. No one really knows when a lot of Shakespeares plays were written, but most historians think it was sometime in the early 1590s. Shakespeare has two really famous narrative poems that many people read today, Hamlet and Romeo and Juliet. Hamlet was first printed in 1601 and could possibly be one of Shakespeares most famous stories. This story is pretty much about Prince Hamlet planning revenge on Claudius for murdering King Hamlet. When he does kill Claudius he takes over the throne of his father. One of the most famous quotes from the book Hamlet written by Shakespeare is, To be or not to be that is the question: Whether tis nobler in the mind to suffer, the slings and arrows of outrageous fortune, Or to take arms against a sea of troubles and by opposing, end them. This is Shakespeares longest narrative poem, and maybe one of his most tragic, but the story Romeo and Juliet is right up there with Hamlet. Romeo and Juliet is a story that everyone in their life is going to read, especially in high school. If you ask people that have graduated from high school, what book they remember reading. I guarantee you that most of them will mention Romeo and Juliet. That just shows you how powerful Shakespeares writings are. The story Romeo and Juliet is about two people who become to love each other but where they come from, they are truly enemies. It is dramatic irony because since they cannot be together, but they love each other so much, they end up killing themselves together. Romeo and Juliet is to me one of his greatest pieces of work. You would think that from all of Shakespeares accomplishments and all of the writing he had done, that there would be a big influence in his life but really there is no known influence in his life. I think that the only thing he knew was writing, so he did what he did best and was really good at it. There arent many authors from that time that you read from these days but everyone knows Shakespeare and his work. Even though Shakespeare might have not had a big influence in his life, he has influenced a lot of people today in there writing. I know there are people out there that look up to Shakespeare and study his writing so that they can be writers someday. Unfortunately, Shakespeare isnt alive and we really cannot find out all of this information about him. Shakespeare ended up moving back to his home in Stratford and ended up passing away on April 23, 1616. This is ironic because he died on his birthday in the exact same place he was born. Shakespeare was buried in the Holy Trinity Church, and is still buried there today. According to Petri Liukkonen from www.kirjasto.sci.fi/shakespe.htm, these are the four lines that are written on Shakespeares tomb, Good friend, for Jesus ´ sake forbeare / To digg the dust enclosed here! / Blest be ye man that spares thes stones / And curst be he that moues my bones. It was said that his wife and two girls wanted to be buried in the same grave when they died but never did. Shakespeare is today still arguably one of the best poets/writers in our history. His writings are still being read all over the world four hundred years later, and I dont see that ending anytime soon. He lived a life of fifty two years, accomplished so much and dedicated his life to writing.

Dagoberto Gilb :: Essays Papers

Dagoberto Gilb Dagoberto Gilb was born in Los Angeles in 1950. A mix of gritty humor, mundane terror, and economic misfortune distinguishes his short stories. His life has been neither easy nor subdued, and these influences are reflected in his writing style and choice of subject matter. The short story entitled â€Å"Love in L.A.,† by Dagoberto Gilb, shows how one can see many reasons in seeing irony and even satire by the story’s title and how all is stories combine in someway. Dagoberto Gilb’s childhood was spent running wild in a bad part of Los Angeles. At the age of eighteen, Gilb decided to attend college, obtaining degrees in Philosophy and Religious studies. It was during this period that he began to keep personal notebooks. Following completions of a master’s degree, he became a journeyman carpenter from 1976 – 1991, which provided the flexibility to devote large blocks of time to writing. He is married to a woman named Rebeca, and has two children named Antonio and Ricardo. Gilb worked in the Department of English at the University of Texas in 1988, the University of Arizona in 1992, and the University of Wyoming in 1994 (â€Å"Dagoberto Gilb†) Literary magazines were not remotely interested in publishing Gilb’s stories, which focus primarily on the professional and personal struggles of working-class Mexican Americans. But his unapologetic stories about working-class Mexican Americans have made him a voice of his people (Reid130). Gilb’s short stories are set vividly in cites of the desert Southwest and usually feature a Hispanic protagonist who is good-hearted but often irresponsible and is forever one pink slip or automotive breakdown away from disaster (Reid130). Gilb was persuaded to submit some of the 750 pages of his unpublished stories to the National Endowment of the Arts, and, when he won a grant, it enabled him to take time to put together a collection of his work. That was The Magic of Blood, which was published in 1993 and won him a PEN Hemingway Award. The following year, recognition abounded in the form of prestigious literary awards and a flood of critical attention for The Magic of Blood (â€Å"The Magic of Blood†63-74) Gilb has earned many awards including the Institute of Letters Award for best book of fiction and best short story in 1993. In El Paso, he gave up on New York publishing and sold his story collection to the University of New Mexico Press. Dagoberto Gilb :: Essays Papers Dagoberto Gilb Dagoberto Gilb was born in Los Angeles in 1950. A mix of gritty humor, mundane terror, and economic misfortune distinguishes his short stories. His life has been neither easy nor subdued, and these influences are reflected in his writing style and choice of subject matter. The short story entitled â€Å"Love in L.A.,† by Dagoberto Gilb, shows how one can see many reasons in seeing irony and even satire by the story’s title and how all is stories combine in someway. Dagoberto Gilb’s childhood was spent running wild in a bad part of Los Angeles. At the age of eighteen, Gilb decided to attend college, obtaining degrees in Philosophy and Religious studies. It was during this period that he began to keep personal notebooks. Following completions of a master’s degree, he became a journeyman carpenter from 1976 – 1991, which provided the flexibility to devote large blocks of time to writing. He is married to a woman named Rebeca, and has two children named Antonio and Ricardo. Gilb worked in the Department of English at the University of Texas in 1988, the University of Arizona in 1992, and the University of Wyoming in 1994 (â€Å"Dagoberto Gilb†) Literary magazines were not remotely interested in publishing Gilb’s stories, which focus primarily on the professional and personal struggles of working-class Mexican Americans. But his unapologetic stories about working-class Mexican Americans have made him a voice of his people (Reid130). Gilb’s short stories are set vividly in cites of the desert Southwest and usually feature a Hispanic protagonist who is good-hearted but often irresponsible and is forever one pink slip or automotive breakdown away from disaster (Reid130). Gilb was persuaded to submit some of the 750 pages of his unpublished stories to the National Endowment of the Arts, and, when he won a grant, it enabled him to take time to put together a collection of his work. That was The Magic of Blood, which was published in 1993 and won him a PEN Hemingway Award. The following year, recognition abounded in the form of prestigious literary awards and a flood of critical attention for The Magic of Blood (â€Å"The Magic of Blood†63-74) Gilb has earned many awards including the Institute of Letters Award for best book of fiction and best short story in 1993. In El Paso, he gave up on New York publishing and sold his story collection to the University of New Mexico Press.

Despite Proctors Essay

Another character introduced in Act two is Mary Warren. She is extremely important to the Act as she is what makes the connection between village life and the sentencing that is happening at the courts, and with the proctor household. She is the one who tells us that there have been thirty-nine arrests. When she first arrives in Act two we find that she has defied the orders of John and Elizabeth by going to the court. When told that she must not return she rebels using the excuse â€Å"I am an official of the court†. This is a fine example of how the hysteria of witchcraft has affected the everyday life in the community of Salem. Mary is a servant within the proctor household; she is paid nine pounds a year to ‘keep the house’. She is not in a position to rebel against the word of Elizabeth or John, and under normal circumstances would not do so. We know that this is peculiar behaviour because of Elizabeth’s reply to Proctor, when asked why she had let Mary go to the court. Elizabeth says ‘She frightened all my strength away †¦ I forbid her to go, and she raises up her chin like the daughter of a prince and says to me, ‘I must go to Salem, Goody Proctor’. It is clear to us now just how much the affair between Proctor and Abigail influences the current events and the events that are to follow. Mary also plays another role within Act two; she portrays to us the amount of hate that Abigail holds for Elizabeth. When she reveals that she saved the life of Elizabeth in court, as her name had been mentioned among the accused. ‘I saved her life today’. She refuses to say by whom, ‘I am bound by law, I cannot tell’ but it is obvious to the reader and to Elizabeth that Abigail Williams is the accuser. This shows Abigail’s malicious hate as by accusing Elizabeth she is striving towards an eventual execution. Elizabeth who is a smart woman anticipates this intense hate long before she discovers she has been accused and she says to John referring to Abigail ‘and thinks to kill me, then to take my place’. Another reason that proves Mary’s importance to Act two is that she illustrates to us the extremity of power that Abigail and the girls have. Throughout Act two Mary’s speech and stage directions imply a weak and feeble character. ‘With a trembling decaying voice’ ‘she has been edging towards offstage’. It is apparent that she is constantly subject to the bullying of Proctor and that she gives into his bullying one hundred percent of the time. Yet in the last few pages of Act Two, Proctor, using violence is trying to persuade Mary to testify in court against Abigail to save his wife. Despite Proctors violent advances ‘grasping her by the throat as though he would strangle her’ Mary sobs ‘I cannot, I cannot’. This shows Mary’s new changed belief that Abigail and the girls are more powerful and fearful than the man she has worked for and feared for so long. This event also marks the start of the loss of power John Proctor suffers from throughout the rest of the play. ‘The Crucible’ plays host to many themes. The theme of tyranny (when a situation or person controls how you are able to live in an unfair way) is shown mainly by Abigail’s power over the girls, and their power over the people of Salem. By confessing to witchcraft, and publicly announcing their sudden devotion to God, and desperation to do his will, they give themselves great power over society. Abigail’s word becomes unassailable as does the word of the other girls. With this power they were able to control the rest of the Salem by fear. Another way in which Tyranny is shown is Proctors initial control over Mary. As she enters the scene she is greeted by Proctor with the words ‘I’ll whip you if you dare leave this house again’. Mary is undoubtedly afraid of Proctor as he appears an extremely violent man to her. At the end of the Act Proctor uses violence yet again to get his own way, we know from Act three that she eventually does go to the court and testify. Another theme that is apparent in Arthur Millers ‘The Crucible’ is fear. Every character in ‘The Crucible’ is subjected to fear at some point within the story line, not just those who are accused. Those who are not accused fear that the sins of their friends and associates may taint their names and cause them to be found guilty of witchcraft: A key example of this is Parris’s fear that the actions of Abigail and the rumours of witchcraft that surround his daughters coma will cost him his title as reverend. Those who are accused must face the fear, of being hung, they must also decide whether their fear of being hung, is greater than their fear of breaking one of the Ten Commandments by lying to save themselves. The different characters show their fear in various ways; the most interesting would be Proctor, whose fear is not for himself but for his wife. This differs from the fear of Francis Nurse and Giles Corey who’s wives are also accused, as Proctor is having to balance the fear of the death of his wife, with the fear, or more the realisation that the death of his wife could be on his hands as she stands accused because of the malicious jealousy aroused within in Abigail when he finished their affair. He is also under pressure as he knows that he can put a stop to the girls’ accusations and save his wife by blackening his own name and admitting his lechery with Abigail. Proctor expresses this pressure with his line to Mary, ‘My wife will never die for me! I will bring your guts into your mouth but that goodness will not die for me! ‘ Another character subject to fear is the wife of John Proctor, Elizabeth. Elizabeth fears for her relation with John. Though they love each other very much their relationship has been scarred by the affair between Abigail and Proctor. She like Mary is also frightened of the power that Abigail possesses. As she knows that it is enough to condemn her to death. When she is taken by Cheever and Herrick we know she is scared as John says to her ‘Fear nothing Elizabeth. ‘ and her next line is said (as indicated by stage direction) ‘with great fear’. Another character who is apparent to fear is Mary. From the moment she enters the scene she is subject to fear. First the fear of John as he violently question’s her and makes to whip her ‘I’ll whip the devil out of you’. Next the fear of incriminating herself or Elizabeth when Cheever and Herrick turn up at the house and she is called downstairs for questioning, and finally when she is once again being bullied by proctor to testify in court: here she is not only scared of Proctor but of what the girls and Abigail will do if she does turn on them. ‘(in terror): I cannot, they’ll turn on me’

Self Reliance Essay Example

Self Reliance Essay Example Self Reliance Paper Self Reliance Paper The essay of Self Reliance by Ralph Waldo Emerson discusses the three major points of the self-contained genius, the disapproval of the world, and the value of self-worth. I really enjoyed reading this essay and I found several quotes that I found interesting and relatable. Emerson says, To believe your own thought, to believe that what is true for you in your private heart is true for all men, † that is genius (Emerson). This quote is making a claim about knowledge. It means that what e perceive as the truth is true for every person of mankind because the truth is absolute and with no variations. This idea is Justified by this quote, Voice of the mind is to each, the highest merit which means that our inner voice, our own thought, is the ultimate source of excellence (Emerson). Here is another quote that I found particularly interesting as well, A foolish consistency is the hobgoblin of little minds, adored by little statesmen and philosophers and divines (Emerson). Here, Emerson s making another claim about knowledge. He is explaining how we are affected by society. We conform to what society thinks is cool. We begin to create a false persona, a foolish consistency, which makes us ignorant and narrow-minded. We forget who we are and get caught up in nonsense, and that is exactly what society thrives off of. I agree with the first quote that I used, I find it hard to accept that people dont have a genuine perception of reality. I trust that everybody has good in them and knows the pure truth of things. When I sincerely believe in something with my full heart I have no doubt that it is the complete truth of reality. Its hard to speak for other people because I dont know their thoughts, perceptions and beliefs but I still think that we all have some sort of commonality of perception within us. I strongly agree with my second quote as well. I think that every human being, especially in America has conformed to societies standards. It is almost impossible to not to get engrossed in everything thats going on around us. Now that I realize it, almost everything in my life is based on societal standards, thoughts and ideas. Although most people are conformists I think it is important to have introvert tendencies. We all need to escape the prospects of society. It is important to think for yourself and do things for yourself. I always try to stay grounded and true to myself in everything I do. : Emerson, Ralph W. Self-Reliance. Self-Reliance. N. p. , n. d. Web. 17 Nov. 2013.. Self Reliance By allielacocona

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buy custom â€Å"Hostage Nation† essay Hostage Nation is a story of interaction between Columbian politics and economy. It focuses also on Columbias relationship with the United States and the release of the three contractors held captive in Columbia in February, 13, 2003 for over five years after their plane (Cessna plane) crashed. The U.S.A had tried to send more troops in rescue mission but they failed largely because of the effects of the local sympathizers of the FARC group. The story is narrated by two Columbian journalists who were better positioned to narrate the story. They had also recorded the kidnapping of the presidential candidate Ingrid Betancourt. Her husbands efforts to aid to rescue her were however frustrated by his fear that her step could culminate in her death. In 2006 the author restructured the hostage story into a new narrative, the wealthiest and the lethal insurgent army in the world. Botero became the focal point when he became the first journalist to interview them and even to report that the hostages were alive after five months. They narrate the story as it unfolds. They provide accounts of events as they happen step by step and they even include the fight on drugs. (Plan Colombia)The U.S. policy had started during the reign of Clinton, extended during the reign of Bush but diminished drastically during the reign of Barrack Obama. The story, Hostage Nation, revolves around the three Americans who were held hostage(Thomas Howes, Keith Stansell and Marc Gonsalves),who worked with California Microwave systems, which worked under Northrop Grumman, a company that was hired to carry out plan Colombia. The plane that had carried the there had been downed by the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (the government of Colombia).After shooting it with several bullets the engine failed. The government of the U.S. avoided negotiations and remained adamant in rescuing the hostages because they feared they could have been murdered. The plan Colombia was attempting to wipe out the Guerrilla fighters and the drug trade. The drug trade was rampant in 1970s where marijuana and cocaine were being traded. Under the President Reagan, the U.S.A had started to fight against the menace. During the same period, kidnapping, carried out by the Columbian revolutionary Armed Forces had started to take shape. Initially they had kidnapped an oil exploration worker and an agricultural worker and held them demanded for money. They requested 38 dollars for 7 men. The increased sale of cocaine in Colombia drastically falls during the period of the 2rd World War. The FARC group was increasing at a very high rate to the extent of threatening the government. The group became hostile with time during the period of the late 1990s.In 1999, they killed 136 people. They also killed Diego Turbay, who was the Head of Congressional peace Commission in 2000.Alvaro Ulimbe,whose father had been killed by the FARC, came into power on 26th, May,2002 with a mission of combating the group. The period saw the FBI investigation group under the leadership of Noesner investigating the matter of kidnapping involving the American citizens. The three hostages and the kidnapped presidential aspirant however are rescued in 2008.Although in May, 2003, President Uribe had attempted a military rescue the FARC group had already heard the sound of the helicopters. They annihilated all the prisoners and fled away from the area. The U.S military however did not hesitate to go on with the routine search for the three American hostages. After the U.S. airplane crashed, they were redundant to carry out investigation. Later investigation was done through the use of DOD and they realized that the plane crashed because they were operating it beyound its handbook limitation. Towards the end of March, 2003, there were no traces of the Americans. Joyjoy, who was known as the military leader of the FARC, was responsible for the series of successful actions that the group had performed. However, the group denied. Three hostages at the residing area of FARC had already been separated into different cells and no communication was allowed . The surveillance mission of the U.S.A troops was halted for one month after the plane crash of 13th, February, 2003. The CMS Company of the U.S.A that was initially undertaking the surveillance soon changed its name to CIAO on 24th, February, 2003 and started its mission on 25th, March, 2003.On the same day another U.S.A plane crashed. After investigations were done at the crash site, bullets were found on the bodies showing that the FARC group could have been responsible for the crash. The switch from CMS to CIAO was a great obstacle towards the compensation that had to be paid to the relatives of the victims. Northrop Grumman who was the former manager of the CMS Company denied the responsibility of the second crash since the contract with his workers had ended when the company changed its name. The involvement of the U.S.A in a drug fight was meant to protect the countrys government from accountability could. The story becomes complicated because the rescue is intertwined with the Byzantine account of the prevailing Colombian politics. The rescue of the three hostages is made possible through the help of the former FBI hostage negotiator, Gary Noesner and a journalist, Botero. During his university education, Botero Jorqe Enrique had been arrested because of political dissidence. He had already gained a public image after he revealed that Cali Cartel had funded the presidential aspirant at that time, Ernesto Samper. Botero had been granted permission to interview FARC revolutionary and also to talk to his former friend Cano. He was also given a rare access to the military videotapes and the military prisoners who were kept there in a pathhetic situation. Botaro had a chance of interviewing the prisoners while he was there. Although the government had tried to put obstacles to him limiting him not to put the images to the public, he had already shown the pathetic images to the public portraying the suffering the prisoners were undergoing. The work of Botaro met a lot of opposition especially by the group that thought he was supporting the FARC group. His life was even threatened at one time. Botero was granted the access to the 3 American hostages .The Americans thought that he was manipulating them. The results of the interview and the research he had conducted were handed over to the U.S.A government and that proved that the hostages indeed were still alive. The FARC group used the hostages as a pawn to further their interests and declared that any attempt to rescue them would directly culminate in their execution. High ranked officials of the group among whom was Trinidad were captured in Ecuador, later taken to Colombia and then to the U.S.A being charged with drug trafficking. The release of Trinidad among FARC members were demanded in exchange for the release of the three American citizens who were held hostage. The United States government acknowledged the condition and accepted to release them in return for the three lost Americans. Some of Europes citizens were held hostage in the groups camp. Ingrid Betancourts had requested for permission to be visited by her husband and sister but the group refuted the request since she had earlier tried to escape from the prison together with another lady, Clara Rojus. Bentakurtz husband had tried many times to use democracy to free his wife but the attempt had failed. While at the captivity, Clara Rogers managed to give birth to a baby boy. The baby was taken by the guerillas that had no conducive environment to take care of it. Uribe had approval a nd had done a lot in fighting against the guerillas. He also requested the U.S.A government to assist him in his effort. U.S.A increased its support to Colombia by giving donations. The government of U.SA donated 3.3 Billion dollars to help in the fight against cocaine. Later the U.S.A government claimed that the money had been misused. The trial of the guerilla leader was one full of fear and anxiety as the U.S did not know what was in store for them. They feared losing the three citizens who were held hostage in the FARC camp. As the trial of the group leader continued, Pierdad Cordoba and Botero teamed up together to try and negotiate the release of the hostages. They travelled through in U.S and Colombia during this mission. Later after a myriad of attempts by Cordoba and Botero, their mission bore fruits as the captives were finally released. The end of the story presents the win of The U.S contractors. The hostages are rescued and Botero asserts that as far as the military industrial make lives complex, drug wars must be pursued. Buy custom â€Å"Hostage Nation† essay

Mgmt 4440 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Mgmt 4440 - Essay Example performance management lies in the fact that it helps distinguish between employees who are active and those who are actually working and motivates the former to be more like the latter, thus improving the overall performance in the organization. Also, when a customer is rewarded adequately for good work (whether monetarily or through promotions), they are more likely to be satisfied with their jobs, thus increasing the company’s retention rate. Also, it helps align the organization’s activities and the efforts of the employees with the goals of the organization. Employees are more engaged in their work. They look to take on more challenging assignments and enjoy working at their workplace, motivated to achieve the best that they can. This also results in timely and high quality work by the organization in turn. From the employee’s perspective, he / she has greater motivation to work in that organization. An employee who performs well has motivation to continue doing so and an employee who is slacking off is motivated to perform better when they see a coworker being rewarded. Performance management also drives employees to become responsible for their individual performances and drives a better employee experience in the organization. It makes employees strive for greater success and makes them more conscientious of their work. The statement ‘Business is behavior’ refers to the need for organizations to adopt a behavioral approach to management systems. This is due to the huge gap between an organization’s technical competence and the performance of their employees due to a poor understanding of social skills (Rana 2). Simply put, unless an organization succeeds in promoting positive work behavior and decreasing instances of negative work behavior among employees, it will never be able to actualize its potential no matter how well it boosts its other capabilities. Its success in business is limited by the least progressive factor which is often

Artificial Artifacts, Like Robots Research Paper

Artificial Artifacts, Like Robots - Research Paper Example These aspects of robots interaction with humans has made man to start considering robots as 'companions', rather than tools or appliances. Those who posses these machines do not seem to settle for a simple solution, but rather continue to invent and improve these machines to resemble human beings. The biggest question at this point, probably, is for how long would or should the human race continue to take this? Does it mean that eventually the robots may end up taking the world away from us? Does it mean that every human problem would eventually start getting robotic solution as time goes by? These are very crucial sentiments that must be addressed sooner rather than later (Tillrch, 2006). Impressively is how the founder of the artificial intelligence John McCarthy attempts to respond to the above question. He clearly puts his opinion on the existence of these robots that resemble human beings as a problem waiting to explode (Tillrch, 2006). ... Marvin's Minsky, another Artificial intelligence pioneer echoes McCarthy's point of view by arguing that in case an individual gets used to order a household robot to do certain things probably he/she may go ahead to command fellow human beings to do such boring, disgusting and unspeakable things that they are used to order the robots to do (Markus, 1991). Therefore, to him, Morality must be instilled in these robots and it must begin with the owners of these machines (Markus, 1991). A close look at many industrial countries and in particular South Korea, then one would be interested to see how the introduction of these human like robots would impact the human race. What concerns us is that we do want to see the introduction of these robots making lives of human beings better and easy; the question is what would be the side effects. For example, the South Korean government is embarking on a mass production of these robots with an aim that by 2020, every household should own one. Toda y, these robots in South Korea work as tourist guides in museums and English teachers in schools. Therefore, from a personal point of view, moral and professional ethics, which include code of conduct, should be introduced to these machines (Markus, 1991). Following a study carried out by Peter. H. Kahn Jr. in the laboratory, the results is that there is a clear relationship between how we reason and behave in relation to continuous interaction with robots. What is true is that there many robots in the market and they are easily available. The robots can cause a tremendous change in behavior with those who interact with them. Therefore, there should be moral values accompanied with their production and