A Marketing Plan for Successful Market Entry Essay - 2

A tradeing Plan for Successful Market Entry - Essay ExampleSince demand for beauty soaps has augmented in the global context and lx enjoys high reputation in producing beauty soaps, the essay will give evidences to stress on the occurrence that most competitive strategy of the firm is to launch a new anti-acne whitening soap in the existing markets. sixty is a ships company that has primarily engaged in production of beauty soaps since its blood line in 1899. Though the company operates in almost all nations of the world, yet from its merchandising audit, it is found that products of the company are at the declining stage of product life cycle. So, if the company desires to succeed in the long run, it must introduce appropriate selling strategies in cable. With the helper of an appropriate marketing plan, the company would gain a clear idea about key marketing elements to be considered in its business and hence, be adequate to(p) to focus on desired business progressive obj ectives. The current report focuses on a marketing plan for the company. This plan would allow the company to frame productive strategies by virtue of which it would be adequate to(p) to successfully launch products in new markets and also improve quality of products in the existing markets. The marketing plan of the company would be a broader perspective than it simple business plan. Moreover, this will also help the firm to comprehend problems associated with its existing marketing mix strategies. At this juncture, where giant multinational companies like, ITC and Palmolive, are competing with LUX on the global forum, role of a marketing plan for the company is indispensable. With the help of a marketing plan, LUX in the long run would become a profitable member in the business world. The aggregate revenues and brand awareness of the company would eventually increase. With the help of the plan, LUX would be able to efficaciously achieve its business

The relationship between motivation and experience of Chinese tourists Dissertation

The kind between motivation and experience of Chinese tourists to UK - Dissertation ExampleKeywords cordial reception, Tourism, Culture, outgoing Tourism, Destination Image, Motivation, Push-and-Pull, Chinese Tourists Characteristics Acknowledgements This canvass has been completed with the support and guidance of my supervisor, who has been of tremendous encouragement. Acknowledgements are also repayable to the respondents and participants to the study for their time and cooperation in sharing their feelings and experiences. The researcher also owes thanks to the friends that have helped in editing and refining the study. Table of limit Chapter One Introduction 1.1 Background 1.1.1 Global Outbound Tourism 1 1.1.2 Chinas Outbound Tourism 4 1.2 Rationale for the Study 6 1.3 Research Aims and Objectives 9 1.4 Research Questions 9 1.5 construction of the Study 10 Chapter Two Literature Review 2.1 Chapter Overview 11 2.2 Hospitality Industry 2.2.1 Overview 11 2.2.2 Hospitality and culture 11 2.3 Tourism 2.3.1 Overview 12 2.3.2 Tourism and Culture 13 2.4 Motivation 2.4.1 Definition and excogitation of Motivation 16 2.4.2 Motivation to Travel 17 2.4.3 Motivation for the Chinese Tourists 19 2.5 Characteristics of Chinese tourists 20 2.6 Tourism Experience 21 2.7 Push-and-pull framework 23 2.8 Destination Image 24 2.9 Chapter Summary 25 Chapter Three Methodology 3.1 Research Philosophy 26 3.2 Epistemology 26 3.3 Research Phenomenon 26 3.4 Research target 26 3.5 Research Methodology 27 3.6 Data Collection Instruments 29 3.7 Sampling Strategy 32 3.8 Data Analysis 33 3.9 Reliability and Validity 33 3.10 Ethical concerns 34 Chapter Four Findings & Discussions 4.1 Chapter Overview 35 4.2 Presentation of Findings from the Survey 35 4.3 Presentation of Findings from Interviews 39 4.4 Discussion 42 4.5 Response to research questions 49 4.6 Chapter Summary 50 Chapter Five... Tourists search for novel and distinctive experiences and sensations has been the drivers of ou tbound tourism (Lpez-Guzmn and Snchez-Caizares, 2012). International travellers are by nature novelty-seeking, inspired by a sense of exploration and seek (Hartman, Meyer and Scribner, 2009). As per United Nations World Tourism disposal (UNWTO, 2008) international tourism has been experiencing consistent growth and savoir-faire diversification (cited in Hartman, Meyer and Scribner, 2009). International tourist arrivals grew from 25 million in 1950 to 903 million in 2007, as per UNWTO which suggests an average growth rate of four percent. By 2020 this number is expected to reach 1.1 billion. So outlying(prenominal) people from Europe and the Americas accounted for the largest travel but now people from several countries such as Middle-East, North-East, southwestern Asia, and Central and South America also travel to overseas destinations. Travel has now become a mainstream activity for the masses. This is perhaps the reason that despite the political crises and natural catastroph es in 2011, the World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) predicted that international arrivals would increase by 4-4.5% in 2012 to an all-time high (ITB, 2011). Despite the uncertain economic outlook, sedulousness experts have expressed optimism for moderate growth. Rising incomes in the emerging markets, stable employment and disposable income in mature markets are expected to drive the growth. The world travel and tourism was impacted in 2011 due to several events such as the conflicts and revolutions in Arab countries, the Tsunami and nuclear disaster in Japan, and the political and economic swordplay in Greece (ITB, 2011).

What kind of education did Cyrus receive in persia and media, and how Essay

What kind of education did Cyrus set about in persia and media, and how did these two education bring out what Cyrus is like by nature - Essay modeling? Xenophon gives an account of Cyruss education in his childhood and boyhood first at the court of his father who is the fairy of Persians and secondly at the court of his father, the king of the Medes. With respect to the Persian constitution, the state educates the children and they learn the art of judge, moderation, and run as a way of preparing them for their future engagement in war. The number of citizens is restricted to 120,000 men who argon referred to as those equal in honor and comprise those whose parents could give formal education.Any of the citizens (isotimoi) is allowed to hold spatial relation but the stress of the Persian constitution is strict law and regulation. If anyone does non fulfill any of the require steps in preparation to becoming a full citizen, then they are disqualified from the citizens body. S imilarly, decisions concerning justice and rule of law are rigorously upheld. During one of his school days, Cyrus is whipped by his teachers because in a visitation case brought before him, he decides in line with common sense instead of the written law.When he is twelve years of age, Cyrus leaves Persia for Medes where he lives at the court of his grandfather, the Medes king. Contrary to Persia, life at the court of Medes is excessive. At one time, Cyrus reproves his grandfather for drunkenness and lack of reasonableness. When Cyrus has to decide between remaining at the Medish court or going back to Persia, his mother compares the Medish and the Persian courts in strong terms. The mother describes the two courts as not being in agreement about what justice entails. She describes the Medish kingdom as dominating whereas the Persian kingdom is founded on equality which they believe constitutes justice.She describes the king of Persia as very observant on the law quite an than h is will. She warns Cyrus to be careful lest he is beaten alive when he returns home (Persia) on the ground of the tyrannical rather than kingship

Historic Sustainability Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Historic Sustainability - Essay ExampleIt is worth(predicate) noting that the prices of tea in the world market is falling drastically day by day, which have had loaded implications not only to the producers but also to the workers. All stakeholders need to join hands in concurrence and address the issue finally.The inauguration of tea as a major drink has been a milepost in not only the economic development of India but also worldwide countries. Essentially, tea has father a affection part of majority of peoples daily lives.History shows that the current tea bushes did grow as wild vegetation in India. The natives settlers in India had a tendency of utilizing it in function of vegetables. It was a popular component of a locally made soup.Tea consumption has recorded an sensational evolution over time. This is an indicator of its crucial importance as a worlds back consumed drink. In India, tea remains the leading drink. It is available almost everywhere and all the times. Indian tea is named according to the region it emanates from (Hicks, 2009, pg. 253).Having been in the market for 172 long time, Indian tea remains detrimental to the economy of the country. The fabrication is the backbone of the economy, employing millions of its citizens in diverse fields and bringing up an impressive foreign exchange count. The core tea growing regions in India are the highlands located in Eastern and Southern states. Its contribution to the earn Domestic product is renowned. Its exports does account for 31% of the global tea production (Lutgendorf, 2012, pg. 14). The last 20 years have seen tea sector in India stabilize, gaining popularity in the world markets despite stiff competition from separate countries. India remains both the largest consumer and producer of tea. 85% of its population consume tea. The country also account for at least 27% of the tea produced worldwide. Its exports account to 13% of

Research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 8

Research - Essay ExampleThe film of goods and services in the market can be defined as the total goods that people are leave behinding and able to taint at a tending(p) price and at a given time (OConnor, Pg. 135). There could be goods and services in the market which the customers are not ordaining to buy or cannot support. Such goods and services do not constitute demand. Quantity demanded on the other book is the exact quantity of goods that are demanded at a given price. The price of the commodities bows demand (i.e.) will influence the quantity demanded. For instance, if the price of goods increases, some people might not be able to afford the good and as a result, the quantity demanded will decrease. Similarly, if the price decreases, some people who were not able to afford the commodity previously will now be able to afford and hence the demand will decrease (Krugman & Wells, Pp. 70). There is a law of demand which states all other factors being held constant, an incr ease in price of a commodity leads to a decrease in demand.Other than price, there are a number of factors which affect the demand of a commodity. Some of them are population, taste and preferences, nature of the goods, personal available income, price of substitutes as well as customer expectations among others. When the population is high, there will be much people in the market who are available to buy the goods and services. As a result, the demand will increase with an increase in population. A decrease in population on the other lapse will decrease the demand. Taste and preference influence demand in that when the people have a great desire of a commodity, they are likely to buy more of it (OConnor, Pg. 137). Desire is a depot that may refer to the willingness to buy. It should be noted that one may be willing to buy except they are not able to buy. This does not constitute demand. However, when people are willing to

Globalisation Literature review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Globalisation - Literature review manakinThis essay attempts to describe world(prenominal)isation cognitive operation by highlighting, evaluating and analyzing various definitions. globalization is a global process and a revolution concept including economic integration, policy sharing, knowledge sharing, cultural stability, reproduction, relations and discourses of power or may sometimes be variously described as a progress, development, stabilization, integration, cooperation or perhaps regression, colonialism and destabilization. Globalization is a concept that requires careful and critical examination since sharp and enlightening definition boosts cognizance, is interesting and empowers wad with knowledge deemed important in shaping up indian lodges destiny. It is worth noting that most of the ingenious imaginations have been gripped by the concept of globalization. Scholars and lay circle have commonly pursue a perception that globalization is an analytical prerequisite used in appreciating continuousness and adjustment of contemporary society. Presently, the term has really spawned a lot of confrontational and highly intuitive annotation (Dreher, Gaston and Martens 2008, p. 14-17). ... This further signifies the impact of the contemporary fond relation and the fact that there is a common and new character shared within the society because of the relevancy and the context of the term to the society. In academic, various disciplines have incorporated the word globalization in their studies and event tried to relate numerous phenomenon with it. Also, it has been applicable in several theoretical approaches as fountainhead as political spectrum across the world thus symbolizing its usefulness in the society (Meerhaeghe 2012, p. 239-45). It is unquestionable that the idea of globalization remains absolutely indescribable as it is inescapable and that as much as it means something crucial, surety about what that vital thing is remains unknown. As much it is widely used, it seems that globalization do not have cogent conceptualization to qualify it being treated as a serious scholarly issue (Dreher, Gaston and Martens 2008, p. 14-17). In fact, the poor conceptualization has borne persistent ambiguity and confusion resulting into a bunch of objectors with suspicious motives or even the notion of intellectual laziness. The current confusion of the term is as a result of failure to engender convincing understanding that do not relate with early(a) concepts as it is evident in some of the definitions including globalization as internalization, liberalization, universalization and westernization. Globalization as Internationalization By terming globalization as internalization it implies enhancement of transactions and interdependence amongst countries and therefore a more global world is characterized by more ideas, information, merchandise, finances and investments. Bishop, Reinke and Adams (2011, p.

Production & Operations Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

outturn & Operations Management - Essay ExampleCauses of Quality Problem on Greasex Line There argon a lot of internal factors that contributes to the quality problems on Greasex melodic line. This includes (a) inefficient personnel the operator that fills the equipment lacks working own in running the machinery equipment, presence of the operator within the site, and lack of real-time report (b) the automated fill up equipment is not exclusively designed for Greasex line purposes and has no regular schedule for maintenance (c) purchaser(s) do not have knowledge on the quality of spare parts needed for the equipment and (d) lack of testing on the effects of contoured can on the speed of fill up or picking hydrodynamics from a high-pressured filling head. Steps Hank should follow for Continuous Improvement Hank should implement a regular real-time reporting from operator(s) of Greasex line to ensure that necessary actions will be provided to cut down on down-time errors and reg ular maintenance for machine. ensure that effective training on handling the machinery should be provided by the company. Encourage purchaser to deal with operators carefully regarding the specs of materials needed. Take time to do laboratory tests on impact of contoured cans on speed of filling machine, etc). Compute for opportunity loss of using incompatible automated filling equipment for Greasex line.

Causes of prejudice (I have a strict formula requirement.please read Research Paper - 1

Causes of prejudice (I have a strict grammatical construction requirement.please read order instructions box) - Research Paper ExampleEthnocentrism is the ethnic subdivisions and differentions that functions to define each distinct cultural identity. It entails judging other groups culture relative to the standards and values of ones particular culture. both(prenominal) prejudice and ethnocentrism has been seen causing tumultuous social relationships in the daily events especially between the dominant and the nonage groups. Causes of prejudice , is a well documented book by one of the famously known sociological authors named Vincent N. Parrilo. In his book, Parrilo tries to analyze several a number of theories that tries to explain the motives and factors for a prejudiced behavior. These motives behind racial prejudice have been pillars for the creation of racial categories in both the current and the past human societies. The foster article by C.P Ellis sounds likes autobiogra phy. He vividly recalls many mishaps in his life that formed the basis of his prejudiced personality. This was mainly because of self-justification. The many difficulties he encountered in his life anchored with peer influence make him develop a strong sense of prejudice especially to the African Americans. However, this ended after he came back to his senses and agnise that no race is better than the other is. Malcom X. the author mainly focuses on how our own personalities influences levels of prejudice has compose the third article entitled learning to read. His great interest to develop learning skills as an inmate, make him made him rise to be to be one of the greatest historians of all times. His unique personality made him an all round individual with no any racial bias to all groups in the friendship and motivates him to enhance the

Childhood Obesity and its Risks Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

puerility Obesity and its Risks - Research Paper ExampleThe introduction of the article gave a brief description of corpse mass index ( BMI) as a measure of obesity. The historical background of the research is focused on the increase cardiovascular risk for obese children. The importance of measuring BMI and its validity in establishing obesity was a good platform for establishing a good hypothesis. The reflect was conducted no less than one of the authors with another root word of researchers. Studies citing complications that arose from obese children in a 40 yr follow-up study by Jacques et al it was presented. Accordingly, the study by Jacques revealed that childishness obesity did not only result in diabetes but led to increased mortality due to coronary artery disease as well. The present study hypothesized that early childhood obesity along with a sedentary lifestyle increases the risk of diseases such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. This translates to the higher incidence of mortality when these children become adults. For the methods section, a comparative survey that compares the BMI across teens in the US was used. The cited study was done by Lissau et al published in 2003. The method engaged was a cross-comparison of incidence of obesity in teens in the US against teens in Europe. The comparison resulted in the conclusion that the point of obesity in US teens is three times higher than European counterparts. Unfortunately, much cannot be verbalize about statistical data since the study was just referenced in the journal. In addition, the lot of the attached conclusions were summaries of compiled studies. In fact, the journal is more like of an informative and persuasive article that warns the public of the dangers of childhood obesity.

Leadership in a Changing Environment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Leadership in a Changing Environment - Essay ExampleThere are many ways in which Kirstys leadership approach has been reflected in the modern leadership theory. Based on modern rationality of a good leadership carriage, leaders are expected to be able to vivify some other person to increase their drive in achieving the organizational goals (Northhouse, 2010, pp. 3 4). Aside from having confidence in managing a group of employees, modern leaders are expected to have the desire to lead, be honest, and have competent knowledge in managing the backing (ibid).Clear evidence in the shift from a traditional leadership approach to a modern leadership approach is her decision to move from the use of transactional leadership style to transformational. In the past, Kirsty as a manager was a control freak. In line with this, most of the managers who aggrandize the use of old transactional leadership style approach ends up using authoritative power when manipulation and managing the peo ple. Because of the increase in tight competition within the domestic and global markets, the need to encourage and inspire employees to become self-reliant becomes more in demand. Instead of managing the company using backsheesh-down approach, the idea of promoting interaction between the leaders and subordinates has gained importance within the modern HR theories.In a top-down concern technique, decision-making power with regards to the allocation of available resources, planning and controlling how to spend the money is highly centralized and heavy with the business leaders. There is a saying that two-heads is always better than one. Since decision-making process is solely dependent with the managers and business owners, the problem with the use of pure top-down management approach is that the business leaders and owners are not able to consider the personal opinion and suggestions coming from the bottom-line employees. Therefore, there is a bigger possibility that the top ma nagement will end up making a wrong business

Gender identity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

G prohibiter identity element - Essay ExampleThe paper shall also take into account the exercise of the media and complaisant stereotypes along with the role that different cultures play in the establishment of gender identities.Gender identity refers to the roles of masculinity or muliebrity that are assigned to individuals on the basis of original markers, in a certain society. This may motley from one culture to another and no fixed definition exists in society. These identities change over measure as well and not just spatially. For instance the Victorian models of femininity have changed a administer and English women no longer abide by the codes of conduct that women in Jane Austens novels scrupulously followed. This, however, has certain similarities to the conduct expected of women of countries that were colonized by England. Apart from pointing to the fluid nature of gender identities, this phenomenon also points to the item that gender identities are influenced by aThe sexual orientation of a person decides the partner that he or she may wish to enter into sexual intercourse with. The politics of sexual orientation, however, does not end with producing effects on the choice of a partner though. Desire and gender identities are closely linked and both contact the other. Judith Butler talks of this in her work, Undoing Gender, where she talks of how unconventional sexual orientations affect the conventional definitions of masculinity and femininity that are set by the society, thus offering a take exception to the conventional hierarchies in society (Butler, 2003). Both heterosexuality and homosexuality can offer challenges to oppressive heteronormative social setups however, homosexual orientations have great effectiveness in challenging the social unit that is the most definitive factor in the perpetuation of heteronormative societies the family. Homosexual units offer possibilities to the parties involved to redefine the nature of conjuga l relationships and to structure the society.How

Multicultural Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

multicultural Management - Essay ExampleThe combination of work bosom demographics in the work place has been as result of increase globalization in business which has placed the management of cultural and background differences matchless of the leading agenda in modern times in many corporate organization. This has been collect to change magnitude heterogeneity in gender, race, ethnicity, and nationality due to mix up of people. (Vonslid, 2006)To the organization, this has an advantage of better and quicker decision making, higher(prenominal) creativity and innovation in the work, remarkable success in marketing in foreign communities and countries and also equal distribution of economic opportunities. However, if not well handled, it atomic number 50 lead to change magnitude cost due to high turnover rates, conflicts due to interpersonal differences, and breakdown in communications.The hospitality industry is one of the industries that induce a high mixture of people both i n customers and in the work force. The diversity in the hospitality industry has been one of the challenges facing many firms in the industry since their survival is based on the quality of services that is offered to the customers. Diversity in the industry is also important due to the diverse customers that it serves. hence a diverse workforce in the industry will help to serve diverse customers who argon served in the industry.Managing this diverse workforce in the industry is poses a challenge in the industrys human alternative plane section. This paper will explore the strategies that can be used by the human resource subdivision in the industry to successfully handle the diverse work force. Multicultural workforce in the hospitality industryThe hospitality industry is one of the growing industry industries in the world. Increased globalization and increased outsourcing of businesses has been one of the driving forces in the growth of the industry. The industry has been gro wing at a rate of 12 percent in the most countries in the world. Due to the increased growth of the industry, there has been increased feces of people from different parts of the world who give way been seeking employment in the industry. This has led to increased diversity within the work place with more and more people mingling. This diversity has been posing different challenges to human resource management department in most firms as enhancing the diversity of the work force to work as a system has become difficult and challenging. The work of the human resource department is to ensure the all workers are treated as equals regardless of their background. As a result, there have been efforts by the human resource department to come up with various strategies that are earmarked to streamline the operations of the diversity to enhance the working of the firms as a system. The hospitality industry like others can be grouped into three categories as far as cultural diversity is co ncerned. The first category can be termed as monolithic organizations which are characterized

History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 10

History - Essay ExampleThese letters show how many Americans were affected by the outstanding Depression, yet it also examines individual experiences and reactions to such experiences.12. What are the advantages of using letters as hostile to oral histories or reports by New Deal investigators to learn about the responses of ordinary people to the bulky depression? How did people respond? Did different classes (upper, middle, lower), racial groups, age groups, or men vs. women respond otherwise?There are certainly advantages to McElvaines use of letters in his account of the United States during the Great Depression compared to using oral histories or indeed using the reports of New Deal Investigators. Oral histories are not always accurate if they are recounted years or even decades after the events they describe. People w happen uponethorn not always remember things accurately, or they might get details muddled up. On the other hand reports by New Deal reporters may not alway s be considered to be reliable, as with any organization set up by a government they could have presented a to a greater extent positive light on events. Such inaccuracies would have been to demonstrate that the New Deal was successfully countering the score affects of the Great Depression. People of different social, economic, and racial groups wrote the letters as the Great Depression had an impact on all sections of American society. Whilst previous economic recessions had hit the poorest the hardest, the Great Depression was unprecedented in graduated table and severity with up to 30 million people affected. President Hoovers attempts to restore assurance in the economy failed whilst measures to alleviate poverty and unemployment proved wholly inadequate. 2 The Great Depression hit agriculture and industrial workers hard, the collapse of banks affected everybody. The agricultural sector was particularly affected by

A FORMAL ANALYSIS Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

A FORMAL compend - Assignment Examplepaper will offer a formal analysis of this picture, exploring its formal properties, humble matter, historical context and describing any symbolism exhibited in the work.In 1907, Henri Matisse did a painting on read using oil that he named Blue Nude. Notably, he relied on his use of bright colors in this painting and a high level of primitivism. Henri Matisse had earned recognition as one of the 20th deoxycytidine monophosphate artists who produced colorful artworks. This preference is exhibited in this painting. His primitivism has been described through his use of strokes in the painting. Moreover, the strokes were uncomplete standardized as he did his painting (Bohm-Duchen 55). The sketch like strokes is more evident in the shading of the backside of the cleaning ladys breasts as easy as the inner side of both her face and thighs. In these areas, Matisse relied on sketchy strokes to place emphasis on the undersides. Moreover, Matisse r elied on color and such sketchy lines in his evident efforts to exhibit shadows and other physical details on the womans body. Notably, this painting has been considered as an abstract and not real because the artistic elements used to highlight shadows and other physical details of the woman prove to be unrealistic. Moreover, Matisse missed out in giving clear details of the feet and the toes as well as the fingers.Notably, the painting appears to be hard and rough because of the style used. The faint details that define the painting as well as the roughness implied serve to emphasize the abstract nature of the painting. Moreover, Matisse does not certify specific details of the background, although the audience can identify some plants and flowers. Moreover, Matisses primitivism of style is withal exhibited by the evident exaggerations as he tried to outline the womans body (DSouza 70). For example, he makes her look like she has muscle, a body that is uncommon among women. The pores of the woman are also revealed by his sketchy lines and

Public Perceptions and Mentality of the Society Essay

Public Perceptions and Mentality of the Society - Essay ExampleIn Australia, the high-profile attacks of Indians in this sylvan have become an international event and a highly sensationalized issue. In Sydney as well as in Melbourne, Indian students have been bashed and attacked due to their race and nationality. Most of the alleged perpetrators are youths or youth adults. Many of the Indians attacked are foreign students coming to Australia to study and benefit from the higher education available in this country. It is estimated that foreign students studying in Australia account for more than $13 billion annually to the economy and Indian students comprise the second largest foreign student body. Higher education is Australias third largest export earner, in the lead of wool, wheat, copper, tourism and even gold. Importantly, government figures estimate that fully 17.8% of all foreign students in Australia are Indian-born. world-wide students represent the 3rd most lucrative ex port for this country and Australia can ill afford to neglect the international students who come here each and every year to pursue their studies. Recently, the Indian government has jeopardize to put out a travel advisory out against Australia thus restricting the flow of Indian students to this country. The high profile bashings raise many important questions for the general public, questions which increase in voracity approximately the national holiday, Australia Day. Is Australia a racist society? Can we deal with the ramifications of a multicultural society in the twenty-first century? These questions and much more are raised when high profile attacks by boylike people make headlines around the world (Marginson, 2006 Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2008 (Soutphommasane, 2010).

Family Centered Care in Acute Care Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Family Centered Care in Acute Care - Assignment ExampleThe pursuance paper identifies, summarizes, and critiques three recent research expressions concerning family centered care in lancinating care.I chose this article because it is a qualitative research foc employ on the needs of the relatives of patients during acute care. The researchers chose a go byting that has been everywhereleap for several years in a developing country. The setting is suitable for this research project as it helps to define family centered care in the presence and absence of patient education.Bastani et al researched ways to set up family-oriented health guidelines for patients in a neurosurgery ward and assess its effect on the fulfilment of patients and their relatives. The debate took on the design of a collaborative participatory experiment that involved a set of medical exam nurses and an educational researcher. Bastani et al carried out the research in a neurosurgery ward within a campus infi rmary with 26 beds (Bastani et al., 2013).Bastani et al use of parallel combined techniques to collect and review information was appropriate. This method allowed the pack to discover three key barriers to setting up family centered health guidelines intra-professional, inter-professional, and institutional. As a result, the large gratification of patients and their relatives showed the effectiveness of the nurses in realizing health informational goals.I chose this article was present a sharp parity of individual experiences that serve as a paramount trigger the fundamental concept of my project. The findings and method used in this article is suitable for examining the effect of encouraging family centered care inside an acute self-aggrandising clinical environment.Ewart et al underline the service enhancement project started in a single acute cardiac unit inside a regional hospital trust in the East of England. Here, Ewart et al examined the effect of improving family centere d care inside an acute adult environment. The study found over nine months

PoP Culture Trend and Media Essay Example for Free

PoP refinement Trend and Media EssayWhen I was a child, all I wanted was to be a doctor. I obeyed my parents, studied hard, and played around e truly once in a while. I had my dewy-eyed ambitions and simple outlooks. I lived a simple life. Today, however, you can ask any child about his ambition and he would close to likely tell you that he would be a Dennis Rodman someday, or a Britney Spears if it was a she youve happened to ask. another(prenominal) possible scenario could be that the child youd like to ask wouldnt even talk to you because he/she is too busy with his/her cellular phone, Gameboy Advance, i-pod nanno, or personal computer. Looking at this everyday situation, my father had endlessly been asking me what is happening to this generation. This picture had also been a garbage downular topic for homeroom or sociology classes, and online debates. Each of these discussions, however, boils shovel in to a favourite phrase soda water culture.Pop Culture, or Popular Culture, is the set of customs, beliefs, values, arts, and entertainment common to massive sectors of the society.(http//www.cobb.k12.ga.us/smitha/PopIndex.htm). Oftentimes, it results from the everyday interactions, needs and desires, and cultural moments of the mainstream. (http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/electronic_media). It is important that we examine the prevailing Pop Culture as it can shape peoples beliefs, values system, and attitudes since trendy music, movies, television programs, and fads often mirror the outlooks and behavior of the masses.James E. Combs recognised even in 1984 that Popular Culture is so much a part of our lives that we cannot deny its developmental powers. Like formal education or family rearing, popular culture is part of our learning environment. Though our pop culture education is informal-we usually do not attend to pop culture for its educational value. It however provides us with information and images upon which we develop our opinions and attitud es. We would not be what we are, nor would our society be quite the same, without the impact of popular culture. (Combs 1984).Nowadays however, an additional factor to the power of popular culture and to the importance of evaluating its effects is technological advancement. Specifically, electronic media has become a tool to further elevate the influence of pop culture, in an ever rapid and unstoppable way, to all corners of the world.Electronic media are those communications mediums which are based on electronic or electromechanical means of production and most often distinguished from print media. The primary electronic media sources beaten(prenominal) to the general public worldwide include radio, sound recordings, television, video recording, and streaming meshing content. (http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic media).Personally, I have been most fond of surfing the internet, watching television programs and movies, listening to contemporary and pop music through radio, cd p layer, and i-pod, playing computer games, and messaging through cellular phones, either for educational or entertainment purposes. I am now aware that most of my viewpoints have been influenced by the things that I watch, read, and listen to thats why I have been trying to balance out my views by pixilated different sources of information.My most poignant realization was that pop culture has affected my viewpoint on what is beautiful. visual perception models and actors who are almost perfect and worshipped everyday and everywhere has blinded me into considering beauty as skinny, 36-24-36 for females, and hunky, tall, and lovely for males. Everything else that did not replicate what pop culture has embedded on me seemed merely normal, or worse, ugly. I very much think that this has also been the case for majority of the people in this generation, what with the number of anorexics and bulimics, and steroid users arise up to an alarming level internationally.Social responsibility a nd morality had also been largely affected by todays pop culture. The case of pornography that has been very widespread, moreover in the advent of the internet and camera phones, is just an example. The concept of privacy has also been oftentimes mutilated either consciously or unconsciously through electronic means propagated by pop culture. Relationships have also been builded and shattered in the blink of an eye as a result of the prevailing culture and technology. Gossips and defamation had also been most common and aggravated these days, usually spreading worldwide in a split-second.These, however, can either be conscious or unconscious. It can be conscious in the part of the companies who perpetrate these kinds of trend to rack up profits in the employment of their technology. It can also be unconscious or subconscious in both sides especially now that these trends have already been inculcated in the societys culture.It must be noted though that pop culture, aside from its co mmonly criticized negative influences, also has contributed positive effects to the society. In the negative matters, social responsibility and civility must draw the line. This can only be through with(p) by a more conscious meditation and evaluation of the popular culture that is being obligate upon us. As human beings, we were given the capability to analyze the things that are going on around us. And we should.As for the trend in pop culture that had greatly influenced me, I have already mentioned that it is the way that I viewed beauty. Upon analysis, I have come to a conclusion that it had been a result of both my personal desires as a consumer, and the medias making. Popular culture, in general, does not only result from the corporations moneymaking(prenominal) pursuits. I believe that it is a mixture of the continuous interaction of the consumers and suppliers in every society.ReferencesCombs, James E. Polpoppolitical relation and Popular Culture In America. University of Wisconsin Pr. 1984http//www.cobb.k12.ga.us/smitha/PopIndex.htmhttp//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_mediahttp//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic media

The Stone Carvers Essay Example for Free

The careen Carvers EssayThe Stone Carvers is a book of coercions. Each one of the characters has their own arrested developments that at one point they believe to be a intrinsic and helpful to their lives. However each of the characters in The Stone Carvers learns that these obsessions with perfection, love, adventure, or anything end without them organism equal to(p) to be satisfied and on many occasions without achieving what they were obsessing over. The author Jane Urquhart make a make story on the nature obsession and the effects of obsession over any matter. The characters of the novel were fixated on a large range of ideas they were haunt with ideas from love to architecture and because of the diversity that Jane has shown that obsession of any course of instruction will always end without resolve. The conclusion about obsession bath be grasped through the sundry(a) trials that each character of the story is placed under. In The Stone Carvers Urquhart is able to show that obsession lavatory never comport to a successful happiness, through a few powerful ideas when someone is fixated on an idea the task may non be able to be completed, a someones obsession loafer be counterproductive to their cause, and fixating on one thing can cause the person to lose track of the rest of their life.When someone is fixated on one task or idea their obsession may not ever be complete in their eyes. In Klaras love bout with Eamon, Klara is obsessed with staying with and caring for Eamon. When Klara was not with Eamon she was thinking of him All the rest of the day she was thinking of the moments when Eamons girdle was on her shoulder or his hands were in her hair. (pg. 121) This obsession of love seems like a natural and healthy idea to have however Klaras work begins to be influenced by their love and she begins to be jealous of anyone with a relationship with Eamon.Klara becomes particularly upset at one point she exclaimed I precept you laughing, Eamon, with your friends outside the brewery. I think youd forgotten me altogether, thats what I think. (pg. 117) Klaras obsession with Eamon was never able to be complete because she would never be able to complete her storybook obsession of love him and him loving her. Her obsession eventually led to an extended period of grieving her lost lover.Sometimes an obsession with something can actually blind the obsessed person into actually being counterproductive to their goals. In a peanut case in The Stone Carvers Refuto, who broke down because he held himself responsible for his brothers death, ran from his family to not bear with the pain of reuniting with them. Refutos reasoning for not going back to his family was that I could not throw up the burden of a killer on their shoulders. (pg. 211) Refuto was obsessed with keeping his name clean and his family unattackable. When he ran forth from home however his family was left to fend for themselves and live without his support. When he and Tilman had become friends was the only time that he realized he had been hurting his friends with his own obsession. When Refuto did get over his obsession and went home, his wife and he talked at length about the family and how they were able to get along for so long without him.Refuto said that I was gone(a) and Tilman told me to come back. (pg. 215) Since his departure Refuto was able to clear my head in four directions at once. (pg. 215) This holdfast on Refutos name had kept him away from his family but finally he was able to go back and correct what his obsession did to him. His obsession had blinded him to the harm that his actions had caused to his family. Instead of helping keep his family safe he was only harming it and only once he accepted that he had an unhealthy obsession was he able to return to his life with his family.When someone is fixated on an idea they tend to lose focus on other important aspects of their lives. In The Stone Carvers an example of this would be in Tilman and Klaras mother, Helga. Helga had recently mourned what she concept was her sons death and became obsessed, as soon as Tilman came home, with controlling where Tilman went and how he would live. Tilman however responded uncomplete to her questions nor her attempts at incarceration and intimidation but looked at her with confusion on his perfect face. (pg. 63)Helga became so hysterically obsessed with keeping him with her that eventually she chained Tilman to the house however Helga would never recover not from his internment and not from his escape.(pg. 67) Tilman screamed and refused to eat while he was chained and his mother only then realized that she had made a mistake in obsessing over keeping Tilman caged. She pushed Tilman away with her passions for keeping him with her. The Stone Carvers shows that someone who is obsessed with an idea or task is more prone to making mistakes or causing a caper in a related aspect of their life.Throughout th e book Jane was able to show her views on obsessions in persuasive undertones and themes throughout the entire novel. Jane was able to show that no matter how justified a fixation may seem the outcome is always negative. Throughout the novel the theme of obsession can be seen from the minor characters all the way to the major events of the story. Jane makes her case with many examples of the ways obsession can lead to the destruction of a person. She does this through showing that when someone has an obsession they might never be able to complete, a persons obsession could be counterproductive to their cause, and fixating on one idea can cause the person to lose track of the important parts in their life.The persuasive undertones in the story are able to clearly convey the message of obsession being something that only harms the obsessed person. Walter Allward once said I have been eating and sleeping stone for so long it has become an obsession with me. And incidentally, a nightmar e. (pg. VI) The inspiration for such a great novel and theme can be open in this quote because the amount of emotion that went into Walters work on the Vimy Ridge Memorial but also the tragic way Walter was unable to be truly happy after his most astounding creation.Works Cited

French Philosophers Essay Example for Free

French Philosophers EssayMONTAIGNEMontaigne is both a literary generator and a philosopher a hu soldieryist. Montaignes essays cover a loto f topics without claiming to provide a definitive or an dictatorial truth about these topics We admit no communication with being, Essays, II, 12 The Problem of integrityBeing is not accessible for a finite being as we ( manpower) ar. Senses or reason are not criteria of truth. Sense is no criteria since its ever changing and reason is no criteria also because we only have access to appeareances, which also change. Things are always changing. They are in a ceaseless movement The only thing we are directly in relation with is ourselves. The I is constantly changing, is in a perpetual movement and it is not self-centred or an egocentric character it is the first step to explore the unharmed world. He is emblematic of the rebirth of SCEPTICISM.Scepticism is the position that says that it is impossible to know anything because all(a ) the propositions are couple. For skeptics theres no criteria for thruth.3 Main PrinciplesA) Epoche = suspending judgement when you are not sure of what you are saying. The Grecian word epoche means to check, cease, suspend, stop, or pause in some activity that otherwise or usually occurs. The sceptic suspends his judgment for default of a good reason for exercising it. The dogmatist asserts that something is true. B) Relativism = all points of billet are equally valid.C) Isosthenia = the equality of strength of two opposing arguments. Sceptism is to a greater extent a process than a result, is more a methodology.DescartesDogmatism, Rationalism and Dualism1. Dogmatism comes from the greek word dogma( whimsey or belief) Common and uncomplimentary sense the tendency to lay down principles as undeniably true, without consideration of evidence or the opinion of others. Philosophical meaning doctrine that asserts that macrocosm is able to get to thetruth or, in other words, t hat man is able to attain absolute truths and certainty of knowing (Opposite of Skepticism). Descartes is dogmatic since he believes that we lot get to absolute certainty, what he calls evidence or clear perceptions(intelectual perception, the one you can get through the eyes of mind, not the eyes of body). We can reach the truth. Reason is unique and ultimate source of truth.2.Rationalism REASON versus senses. Reason is the old geezer source and test of association. Rationalism is based on deduction (versus induction). ln that sense, it is opposed to empiricism the theory of knowledge which reconciles that knowledge comes only or primarily from sensory experience knowledge is an activity of our mind that applies itself to set the figures and the properties that essentially constitutes one thing (Text 3 Wax argument)Dream argument ln our dreams our sensations are sometimes so strong that everything is going as if we were awake (whereas in fact we are not) Our senses are deceit ful we cant trust them only reason can be trusted Wax argument Knowledge observing its empirical qualities. Knowledge is an activity of our mind that applies itself to identify the figures and the properties that essentially constitute one thing.Cogito, ergo sum essential link between thought and humanity.Thinking is the only proof of my existence and it is also my shopping centre both are simultaneous. I prove my existence by my essence (versus accidental qualities). Moreover, implying is a property that only men possess. animals are not able to think and thats also wherefore they are not able to speak (text 5).3. Dualism In philosophy of mind, dualism is a view about the descent between mind and matter which claims that mind and matter are two ontologically separate categories. It is opposed to monism philosophic view according to which everything can be explained in terms of a single reality or substance. I am not only lodged in my body as a pilot in a vesselThis sentence shows that Descartes also tries to think the union and the connection of mind and body in the human being that we areRousseau (Enlightment)Rousseau has a contractualist or contractarian approach of society he conceives it as an craft or as an artifice. Legitimate empowerment of government must derive from the consent of the governed Society doesnt exist by nature. contractualism is opposed to naturalism,The state of nature the one that exists before the invention of society. Rousseau does not think that this state really existed. It is methodological the state of nature aims to understand and to evaluate the civil state we are actually living in.Why is the state of nature so good?State of nature is be by pity and self-loved. Considers that man in the state of nature are not leaving unneurotic and are independent. According to Rousseau, the state of nature is a state of self-sufficiency in which every man is equal.On the contrary, civil state introduces property, inequality, love of selfThats why it is a perversion and a degradation of our natural conditionDifferent from Hobbes Hobbes argues that all humans are by nature equal in faculties of body and mind. From this equality, everyone is naturally in competition with one another (copiar resto) heat of self always comparing yourself to the other and trying to see what you can do to be better Self Love you always give your 100%He is not saying we should fleet to the state of nature. He considers thestate of nature as a moral value in order to evaluate society.Human reputation2 essential properties1) PERFECTIBILITY or faculty of improvement (Text 2) Perfectibility draws men out of this original condition and gives him adaptability. At the same time, perfectibility is responsible for the evill. 2) FREEDOM (Text 1). Nature and spirit (beast) are here opposed to freedom. Nature and instinct are here opposed to freedom. Dog cant go against his instinct, if he is hungry for example. freedom is the homogeneous of what we call autonomyIf society perverts humankind, but if, at the same time, man doesnt have to return to a state of nature, this is because his essential properties (freedom and perfectibility) imply to divorce from natureDifference of DEGREE between men and beast. Men, like animals, are also able to form ideas but they are more complex than the ones animals could form. on that point is a difference in terms of nature since men are free and animals follow their instinct. granting immunity is the ability of choice. We are able to determine ourselves to act and not to be passive in forward of each situation. Freedom is the equivalent to what we call autonomy4. The Social ContractThis legitimate political authority comes from a social contract agreed upon by all citizens for their mutual preservation.(1) The collective grouping of all citizens = the sovereign (it is like an individual person). As the sovereign entirely proceeds from our will each man, in giving himself to all, g ives himself to nobody (text 4). Obeying the contract coincides with obeying ourselves and thats precisely what Rousseau calls autonomy The concept of general will halt of Text 4The general will is the common interest.Even if it proceeds from the particular wills of every citizens, it is more than the collection of particular willsThe general will finds its clearest expression in the general and abstract laws of the state

How Cleanliness and Sense of Beauty Influence the Life of an Individual Essay Example for Free

How Cleanliness and Sense of Beauty persuade the Life of an Individual EssayHow cleanliness and sense of beauty can influence the life of an individual Cleanliness is some(prenominal) the abstract state of being clean and free from dirt, and the process of achieving and maintaining that state. First of all, we should maintain good oral hygiene. We should brush our teeth twice daily, in the morning and after dinner. We replace our tooth brush e actually tercet or so months and select one that is best suited for our gum type. It is recommended that we example one with downy bristles as ones with hard bristles can cause bleeding gums. One of the first things that people notice roughly someone is their teeth and mouth. So we need to invest in a good mouth lap and use that after breakfast to kill off bad breath and make ourselves feel neat and cleaner instantly. Otherwise, we might have bad breath which will cause people to nullify lecture to us. When we are relaxing after a coherent, hard day, it can be irresistibly tempting to go to bed straight after dinner without having a shower but we must(prenominal) remember to take back shower at least once a day, whether it is in the morning, afternoon or night.We should find a shampoo and a conditioner that whole kit and boodle best with our pilus type. We should always lap up our hair after fighting(a) in whatever(prenominal) activities such as swimming in the sea or in a swimming pool and remember to always use both shampoo and conditioner every time we wash our hair, not just one of the two. We should find a good body wash which smells good and works well for us. We should learn to trim and shave excessive hair around the body. Showering and trimming excessive hair is very important. If we do not take shower and have excessive hair, society will avoid us and be filled with disgust towards us.Next, we need find a face wash which works for us. Acne or pimples are no fun to have around, and can make our skin red and irritated. So, we must wash our face every morning after we wake up. Not only will it make believe a stable face washing routine, it will similarly help us to feel more than awake and alert. This can be an alternative to drinking coffee in the morning Next, need to use a good antiperspirant, perfume or cologne. This is extremely important as nobody wants to smell bad. in that respect is no need to buy a very expensive perfume just as long as the one were buying smells good.We should try and concord a deodorant with us if we notice well be participating in any type of physical activity. And mostly we need to keep our bedroom and house clean We need to keep a rubbish bin in any room we might do any eating or craft-type activities in so whenever we need to pretermit away rubbish we have a bin to use and we wont tempted to throw it on the ground. If we leave paper trails and garbage in our house and guests come to visit us, it will look very bad to everybody and they will visit us less often.So, we need to keep our house and environment clean. We should also remember these tips 1. We shouldnt share hair brushes or razors. We should clean both of them frequently. 2. We should always wash our fit out as often as we can. 3. We should avoid biting our nails. 4. We should wash our hands before eating any meal so that germs do not spread. We should also wash it after eating any meal so that we remain clean. 5. Where possible, we should avoid participating in activities that make us dirty.

Perspective on social sciences Essay Example for Free

Perspective on accessible perceptions EssaySocial perception and amicable system were to liberate the thoughts and thus aid kind groups in deposing domination and repression. This formation of behavior-sustaining social scholarship and social theory stands stridently at odds with the moderate plus professionalism of mainstream sociology in the finger that it envisions human liberation as the highest rationale of intellectual commotion. Habermas has taken pains to argue that this decisive commencement of social recognition and social theory is not opposed to what he calls the hear of modernness, which commenced with the En unobjectionableenment. Certainly, he contends that slender social theory, conceived as communication theory and ethics, accomplishes the project of modernity by further rationalizing social manners in shipway estimated hardly not completed by Weber. Though Habermas needlessly divides instrumental and communicatory rationalities, much as Kant d id, thus limiting the field of human liberation to communicative projects but divergence technology and its dominion of nature untouched, he masterfully reconceptualizes Marxism in ways that provide it empirical and semipolitical purchase in the present.Far from deserting modernism and modernity, Habermas argues that Marx was a modernist and that the project of modernity can simply be fulfilled in a Marxist way, although in terms that deviate drastically from the Marxist and Marxist-Leninist frame scores of the early twentieth century. Habermas supports the Enlightenments program of common liberation and rationality by dint of (a reconceptualized) Marx. This assurance to the Enlightenment and modernity must absolve comminuted social theorists such as Habermas of the inductions that they argon Luddites, antimodernists, anarchists.Far from inadequate academic bearing, including social science and social theory, to be abridged to didactic political education, Habermas wants to open academic life to genuine debate and diversity, which he theorizes in terms of his communicative ethics. though the characterization of left academics as bigoted supporters of political correctness is largely hype promulgated by eighties neoconservatives, many critical social theorists are especially sullen on purveyors of multi pagan identity political relation, particularly those who derive from postmodernistism.Professionalized gratis(p) positivists, including numerous U. S. sociologists, conflate all theoretical heterodoxies, particularly where they argue that one should defend the disciplinary project of sociology against the wild men and women who would politicize sociology and social science at a time when reputable sociologists are fighting a rearguard action against budget slashing university administrators. These professional positivists marginalize all thought and investigate that do not kowtow to the strictures of supposedly value-free quantitative empiricism.Thi s obliterates nuances Habermas (1987a) takes postmodernism to task Fraser (1989) urges Habermas and Foucault to be more overtly feminist. It alike fails to distinguish that critical social theories hold rigorous analysis, objectivity, professionalism, even disciplinarily. Critical social theorists vary from professionalized positivist sociologists most sharply in arguing that the aim of k like a shotledge is illumination and hence liberation, not the discipline of personal professional credentials or the progression of ones discipline.Critical social theorists snub Comtes model of the hard sciences as a symbol for their own solve as they deliberate that positivism eradicated historicity and hence the hap of large-scale structural change. Critical social theorists are unashamed to be seen as political, particularly when they restrain with Horkheimer and Adorno in Dialectic of Enlightenment that the charade of freedom from values is the most invincible value spatial relation of all, taking up the present as a plenitude of social being and contradicting utopia.It is sarcastic that positivist sociologists in the United States who attempt to establish their discipline in the university by stressing its resemblance to the hard sciences, including two positivist quantitative process and grant-worthiness, withal argue that sociology should eloquent what are called policy implications, particularly now that a Democrat is president. Applied sociology proposes state policies in realms such as health care, aging, social welfare, work and family, and crime.Positivist sociologists assert that sociology pays its own way by underlining its real-world applications suggested in the narrow technical analyses propagating in the journals. numerous positivist journal articles formulaically conclude with short excursuses on policy in this sense. This segue into policy investigation both legitimizes sociology in the state apparatus (e. g. , public research universities) and helps sociology evade a more organic politics the notion of policy implying moderate amelioration of social problems and not methodical change.As well, the password of policy enhances the grant-worthiness of sociological research, which has turn into a trademark of academic professional legitimacy. Thus, the shift from the sociological to the social on the part of significant social theorists who support interdisciplinary is intimidating to disciplinary positivists because it augurs the politicization of social theory and social science at a time while some believe sociology should put classical distance between itself and its sixties engagements.The tired stand-up line of sociologys critics that sociology alliterates with socialism, social work, and the sixties symbolizes this preoccupation with the legitimating of sociological disciplinarity and explains why interdisciplinary approaches to the social are so threatening. The interpretive disciplines and sociology are moving in conflicting directions Interpretive scholars and heathen critics acclaim the politicization of the canon, whereas positivist sociologists want to subjugate politics.Leading U. S. literary programs such as Dukes are awash in these new theoretical movements that hassle the obsolescence of canonical approaches to the study of publications and culture. In these venues, politics is not a afflict to be eliminated but an opening to new ways of seeing, writing, and schooling. Suddenly, with the trespass of these new European and feminist influences, traditional approaches to representation (depicting the world) in both art and criticism could no longer be trusted.Postmodern fictional and cultural theory blossomed in a post depictive era, specifically the opposite of what was happening in positivist sociology, which clings more obstinately than ever to representation -achieved through quantitative method as the supposed deliverance of an embattled discipline. Not all versions of postmo dernism are entitled as either social or critical theory.However, as Fredric Jameson (1991) has argued in Postmodernism, or, the Cultural Logic of late Capitalism, postmodern theory has the potential for new forms of neo-Marxist social and cultural investigation pertinent to late capitalism. Foucault, denim Baudrillard, and Derrida make means for critical theories of the social, especially where they make possible the critical analysis of cultural discourses and practices that substantially resemble and deepen the Frankfurt Schools analysis of the culture industry.And postmodern theory has made it nearly impossible for people in interpretive and cultural disciplines to approach texts as if the meanings of those texts could be revealed to presuppositionless, really positivist readings. Postmodernists beat back home the point that reading is itself a form of writing, of argument, in the sense that it fills in gaps and contradictions in texts through strong literary practices of i magination and interrogation.Few today can approach the act of reading or writing concerning reading in the same secure way that they could read texts before postmodernism, before representation was quizzed as a severely theoretical and political project in its own right. A important number of sociologists and anthropologists (Richardson 1988, 1990a, 1990b, 1991a, 1991b, Denzin 1986, 1989, 1990, 1991c, Aronowitz 1990, Behar and Gordon 1995) draw from postmodernism in reformulating both social science research and theory in light of postmodernisms influential challenge to positivist theories of representation, writing, and reading.However, it is clear that most American sociologists and others in neighboring social science disciplines not only distrust but deplore the postmodern turn for its alleged antagonism to science and hence objectivity, rigor, disciplinary legitimacy, quantitative method, and grant-worthiness. The new scholarship in humanities departments enlightens critical social science in that it reads cultural discourses and practices as ideological and commoditized and helps formulate more general hypothetical understandings of society.For example, the work of Jameson, the origin of numerous vital books on cultural and social theory from Marxism and Form (1971) to Postmodernism, or, the Cultural Logic of of late Capitalism (1991), clearly puts in to the project of critical social theory. Jameson is in dialogue with critical theorists and postmodern theorists. He develops a postmodern Marxism that learns from but does not give in to the detotalizing implications of postmodern theory.Although many of Jamesons references are from culture and literature whereas Habermass, for example, are from social theory and communication theory Jameson in effect does postmodern critical theory in his readings of works of literature, architecture, music, painting, and philosophy, presenting not simply close textual analysis but expanding his readings into oversim plifications quite similar to those of postmodern social theorists (e. . , Aronowitz, Luke) in social science disciplines. Cultural studies is intrinsically a pandisciplinary project in the sense that culture, as the Birmingham theorists conceptualized it, is not simply found in everyday life as well as in museums and concert halls but also disquiets a wide betray of disciplines in the human sciences or human studies, broadly conceived.Almost no social science or humanities discipline falls remote of the potential purview of cultural studies, which could be seen as a theoretical perspective, a discipline, a corpus of writing, and even an investigative methodology. Like the Unit for Criticism at the University of Illinois, in which Cary Nelson, Lawrence Grossberg, and Norman Denzin had part-time faculty appointments, the CCCS at the University of Birmingham has brought together scholars from a variety of disciplines.Like interdisciplinary projects such as cognitive science, cultura l studies is a perceptible interdisciplinary project collecting scholars who believe they cannot practice their interests in cultural studies within their home disciplines or who want to claim an individuality close to diverse from their disciplinary identities. By and large, scholars in humanities departments leave been better able to do and teach cultural studies within their home disciplines, particularly where their home disciplines sport embraced the new postcanonical, postcolonial, feminist scholarship.Social scientists have had a greater tendency to identify their interest in cultural studies outside of their disciplines proper, many of which have been indisposed to abandon their relatively narrow concepts of culture in favor of a more comprehensive one or do not acknowledge the need to practice the study of culture outside of a discipline for which the study of culture has always been central, such as sociology and anthropology.This distinction between the ways that huma nists and social scientists build up their identities, affiliations, and academic practices as cultural studies scholars is also replicated in their respective attitudes toward the consider of politicization. Although most scholars around the campus who do cultural studies are leftist and feminist, social scientists tilt to position cultural studies as an empirical and theoretical contribution without close ties to politics, therefore legitimizing their work within fundamentally empiricist and objectivist disciplines.Humanists lean to embrace their close ties to politics, as the Birmingham scholars did, even arguing that curricular politics, including the politics of the norm and the resist to ascertain and implement multiculturalism, is an important place for social change today. Cultural studies increasingly splits into politicized and apolitical camps, through the spring group deriving from Marxist cultural theory and joining the influences of the Birmingham School, feminism, and Baudrillard.The latter group includes scholars who do not view cultural studies as a political project but somewhat as an antecedent for deepening their own disciplines or working across disciplines. Much work on popular culture, such as that of the Bowling Green group mentioned, comes from this second group. Humanists are more probable than social scientists to belong to to the first group. This is satirical in that left-wing and feminist cultural studies grew out of Marxist social and cultural theory and only later were modified by humanists such as Jameson to their own projects.In this sense, critical social theorists involved in culture tend to cluster in humanities programs, or if they work in social science departments, they are typically isolated among their colleagues. It is much more common to receive gathers of culturally oriented critical social theorists outside the social sciences, for instance, in English and comparative literature departments and programs.Thoug h these comparative literature students and faculty are more obviously and blatantly politicized than most of my old colleagues and students, they approach society through the text. This peculiarity is far from absolute. Nevertheless, much of the best critical social science and social theory is being done in humanities disciplines. Sociology, for instance, sought greater institutional genuineness by attempting to imitate and integrate the methods of the natural sciences.Disciplines such as English, comparative literature, womens studies, and media studies were concerned with culture as well as politics and thus were usual gathering points for faculty and students interested in the politics of culture. PART 2 Modern-day slavery breaches the basic right of all persons to life, freedom and the security of the person, and to be liberated from slavery in all its types. It weakens the rights of a child to grow in the protecting environment of a family and to be liberated from sexual m altreatment and abuse.Migration is some what Modern-day slavery that has become a main concern of government officials, political leaders, policymakers, and scholars, and many books and journal articles have been published on a diversity of topics related to migration comprising cultural change (Sowell, 1996), health (Loue, 1998), law (Weiner, 1995), mental health (Marsella, Bornemann, Ekblad, Orley, 1994), population movements and demographics, politics, urbanization, and the natural selection of human society.The multinational Organization for Migration (IOM) is conceivably the most noticeable international organization concerned with migration. However, the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, the UN High Commission for Refugees (UNHCR), and the World Council of Churches, Refugees and Migration Services also have high visibility as policy, service, and research agencies. Other private agencies that have high visibility include Amnesty International , International Rescue Committee, Doctors Without Borders, Human Rights Watch, and the U. S. Committee on Refugees.

Ict as level coursework Essay Example for Free

Ict as level coursework EssayWelcome to magic trick Herbal Products, which was plungeed by Sarah Lenington in 2003, who travelled across the world in search of some of the r best herbal tea and organic remedies. Sarah was born in London and studied dermatology at a top university. Her passion was qualification others feel good about themselves so she decided to take up the opportunity to travel some(prenominal) countries in 1997 in the hope of finding natural ingredients instead of artificial products that are prone to actor skin deterioration and tout ensembleergic reactions. Her discoveries of mineral oils and powders as well as plant extracts were tested in labs for over three years. This was a major(ip) procedure to command the ingredients were compatible with both skin and hair. It was outstanding that entirely ingredients used in each product was natural and was not tested on animals. The ingredients were found in Indonesia, Malaysia, India and also Egypt. What mak es Magic Herbal products so different to any other brand is the uprightness of the products as well as their campaign against testing products on animals.Furthermore the packaging of all their products is recycled to ensure they are doing their bit for the environment. The Organic Cosmetics store is located in the centre of London with two masses working in it that are in charge of customer service, stocking the products and distributing the products by postage to customers that order by mail. Current remains The genuine system is a paper based system meaning that all customer exposit, store details, bills and employee information is all stored on paper and is filed.Once a customer wants to procure any of the herbal products over the phone the employee give have to fill out customer details manually on a sheet containing contact details, billing information, product information and the total of items purchased. wholly calculations are made using a calculator, spell and pape r- including a 10% discount on orders. Problems with the current system Having a paper based filing system of all the companies details is a major disadvantage to the company as it is generally very inconvenient to always search through hundreds of files on a daily basis just to find previous customer details.This wastes a substantial essence of time for the employees. The company very regularly offer discounts on the products which is calculated by a calculator, pen and paper however this takes time and errors are made very easily. This is due to several reasons handwriting nates be unclear, it can be difficult to understand all customers of the phone and also totals have to be calculated manually. Another major disadvantage is the fact that receipts are not given to customers as proof of their purchase in case they need it in the future.It also portrays an unprofessional image of the pipeline to customers as they have to tolerate impatiently while the employee has fills out al l their details and also wait whilst the employee is calculating the total of items purchased. Furthermore, the confidentiality of customer information is not secure as anyone has inlet to the files as they are not in a secure place meaning that customer information can be accessed by unauthorised people. The solution In order to overcome these fundamental problems I will acquire a user interface.The system will enable the user to choose one of the following options purchase products, go to previous customers, see stock levels and edit customer details. If a customer wants to buy something wherefore the user will enter the product via a catalogue and all the details of the product should protrude on the screen. Once this is complete the final price will be displayed after a 10% discount of total. Therefore this will be calculated without the user physically viewing the formulas of how the total is calculated. This will ensure that all the calculations are correct which will ult imately increase customer service.This means that no one will have to work out the value themselves ensuring the correctness of the calculations. Another benefit is all the data is safe and secure as only authorised people will have access to customer information due to passwords. The solution will be easy and quick to use as the business may need to deal with several customers on a particular day, therefore if the system is quick it means that they are not loosing customers. The solution should be professional as it is a mission of the business. I will create a system where the employee will fill out details of the lymph gland whilst on the phone to them.

“Endgame” by Samuel Beckett Essay Example for Free

Endgame by Samuel Beckett EssayFinished, its finished, unspoiltly finished, it must be nearly finished Grain upon grain, one by one, and one day, suddenly, theres a heap, a subaltern heap, the impossible heap. (p. 3) Here the endgame starts. In swindle the endgame is defined as the lay out of the game when only few pieces are left on the board. The same is with the Becketts routine as there are only four people left. The endgame is a series of moves when the game is near the ending and its outcome is decided before the ceremony of the endgame occurs. Samuel Beckett is known to be a chess player and in the play the author compares the endgame with the end of life terminal as death is inevitable as the game always ends. We see that in the play the main characters are enacting repetitive rituals labeled as the part of their endgame. Despite inevitable outcome the main characters are dragging by the final moves making their routines and they are doing whatever it takes to get through the day and to see the next day. The characters learn to get through despite their game is lost.The idea of chess game is put in conformance with movements on the stage. The most vulnerable piece on the board is Hamm who utters Me to play. (p. 18) Hamm is perceived as the queen mole rat and he seems to be the most powerful. Clov is protective character in the centre of the board and Hamm often relies on him. Therefore, Clov is presented as the Queen and he is able to move easily. However, his erratic way of movement seems to be more than suitable to the movement of the Knight. Nell and Nagg are insignificant characters and they are viewed as the Pawns they appear only when the King calls for them. superstar by one the main characters are dying and one by one the chess figures are leaving the board. Nothing is eternal in the world and every game has its ending. The theme of chess play shows cyclical Universe the play ends with a stalemate. The game will be played a ll over and over again.Works CitedAdorno, Theodor W. Trying to Understand Endgame 1961, The New German Critique, no. 26, (Spring-Summer 1982) pp. 119-150. In The Adorno lector ed. Brian OConnor. Blackwell Publishers. 2000. Beckett, Samuel. Endgame and the Act Without Words. USA Groove Press, 1994.

Take My Eyes Essay Example for Free

Take My Eyes Essay1.Spousal abuse physic eithery and mentally are obviously the central theme to this movie, there are however a fewer other underlying themes. First of the theme of reforming or not reforming is shown through the abused womens determination in whether or not to go to Madrid and start a career she loves or to stick out home with an abusive husband. In the end, the main character finally chose not to reform to her cultures ways and leaves for Madrid. dissimilar her mother who stayed with an abusive husband until he died. Another theme would be how abuse affects the entire family. This is real seen with the son of the abused mother and abusive father. Even though the father was never abusive towards his son, he was still gravely affected by the abuse. The sister of the abused women was also affected because she saw what was fortuity and tried to help but her sister wouldnt listen. This would have definitely kept her up at night at least.2.There is explicit an d unstated violence throughout the film. The beginning starts out with a pillage apartment and the abused mother and her son running to her sisters house. This would be an example of implicit violence. On the other hand when the husband slams her against walls and throws her around that is an example of explicit violence. The director does a well-behaved job of not using too much explicit violence because it could cause the film to change state hard to watch by some viewers.3.It is said that the eyes are the portal to ones soul. When the husband demands for his wifes and sons eyes, he is attempting to force his control into their soul. The tittle take my eyes represents the husbands involve to have everything of her even her soul. The sex scene when he says give me your arms, give me your legs, and so on, is meant to show that he has not changed at all and still sees her as an object. In that scene however, she followed his request by express take my arms, take my legs, which means she must have enjoyed some of it.4.Art plays the role of her increased freedom and confidence. It starts with a small job working as a cashier at a religious museum, then(prenominal) becoming a voluntary tour guide at the museum that described and told the religious story of the painting, all the way to getting a job interview in Madrid. The more she chased art the far it pulled her out of the hell she was in. Another important role was the one of clothes. As she gained confidence she began to dress demote and take pride in herself. This angered her husband but because of her work she had to keep it up preparation nice which gave her more and more self-worth.5.This movie is a serious study of a serious affectionate pathology. Only two men in the movie were portrayed to be abusive monsters. The rest of the males were ethical honest people who the women enjoyed. It would be ignorant to claim this as male bashing. It is a good legal document to advocate for those women.

The Importance of Nutrition in Infancy and Toddler hood Period Essay Example for Free

The Importance of Nutrition in Infancy and Toddler hood Period EssayRecent evidence provides that the stages of primal chelahood such(prenominal) as infancy, toddler years and early baby birdhood are the nearly vital stages in the break awaying of an individual and in the establishment of wellness feed ining and exercise patterns. During these early stages in life children sham and imbibe several health practices and behaviors. These patterns can help put off the negative effects of corpulency and regimen related diseases and endow a person with optimal growth, cognitive development.If children do not eat nutritious foods and engage in physical activity in the early stages of their growth, they may show signs of cognitive impairment and may be exposed to the risk of being overweight. They may to a fault be in danger of having established erroneous eating patterns which may lead to a lifetime of insufficient nutrition intake (Boyle and Kavanagh, n. d. ). As compared to a dults, small children like infants and toddlers (ages one through three) need more nutrients on proportion to their body weight because these are the ages of development of bones, muscles, teeth and blood volume.During these stages, the nutrient intake should be adequate to support the growing process (Herbes, 2004). The role of the parent comes in monitoring and helping develop a healthy eating habit for the children. As infants grow and begin to eat solid food, this multiform process of molding a healthy lifestyle is often influenced by several factors most specifically biological, social, cultural and personal (Lockyear P, 2004). Factors such as physical activity affect childrens growth as well. Children often watch television most of the day which results in development of fatty tissue.Lack of coming to a safe neighborhood is another factor which results in lack of physical activity for a child. Other factors such as the eating habits of other members of the family may greatly influence the child because most of the time, the child eats what the other members of the family eat. As a result of poor eating habits, nutrients such as calcium, iron, zinc and vitamins and minerals are commonly found to be low in children. agitate intake is world-shaking for a childs growth because it is primarily needed for the development of strong bones and teeth.Iron is a component of hemoglobin which helps carry oxygen in the blood. Blood volume increases as the child grows therefore the need for iron. Zinc, is another element which is often found lacking in children. Children in their early years have very active interaction with other people thereby the need for zinc. It is master(prenominal) in healing of the wounds, proper sense of taste, proper growth and normal appetite. Vitamins and mineral supplements are also vital in the growth of the child. These are the most famous source of nutrition among parents.However, parents should be certified that those vitamins do not necessarily fulfill the needs for other nutrient deficiencies. The best method to check that the recommended number of servings from each food group in the pyramid is being satisfied is to monitor the childrens meal and intake (Herbes, 2004). The growth and development of every child is a complex process which requires uttermost attention from every parent. The needs of every child is different thereby the attention and the nutrient input should be commensurate with that of the childs needs.For instance, children with disabilities and those that are called special needs children have more obscure nutrient requirement rather than normal children. There are several ways to take apportion of a growing child. Parents can increase information awareness by regularly consulting their childs pediatrician, reading books and attending seminars about nutrition. Parents can also join campus and local groups which cater to child and health programs which strengthen the infrastructures that support healthy lifestyle.The society and the whole environment all contribute to the growth of a certain individual. Parents must(prenominal) regard first and foremost that the changes being undergone by their children are normal and they must adapt to those changes. In order to adapt to the growing needs of the child, a parent must understand well the different stages of a growing child as well as the needs of the child during those stages. References Boyle, M, Kavanagh C. (n. d. ). The Importance of Nutrition for Health and Disease Prevention in Children Ages 0-6.Califirnia Food Policy Advocates. Retrieved April 13, 2009 from http//www. cfpa. net/ corpulency/0-6paper. pdf Herbes, K. (2004). Preschoolers and Toddlers, Diet of. Nutrition and Well-Being A to Z, 1st ed. Retrieved April 13, 2009 from http//findarticles. com/p/articles/mi_gx5200/is_2004/ai_n19120955/ Lockyear,P ( 2004). Childhood Eating Behaviors Developmental and sociocultural Considerations. Medscape Ob/Gyn W omens Health. Retrieved April 13, 2009 from http//www. medscape. com/viewarticle/467523

Plan of action for Eliazar Gomez Essay Example for Free

Plan of process for Eliazar Gomez EssayResearch has shown that shaking babies is the leading cause of infant mortality. In the United States, up to 1,400 children slang medical exam treatment after being shaken. Twenty-five percent of these die, while a majority of survivors take on to cope with a lifelong vision problems and wiz injury (First Statewide, undated).Debby Golonka, MPH, writing for BCB Health Guide, in its sack site, expounds that the long-term complications of the shaken baby syndrome may include seizures (uncontrolled ponderousness movements and unable to speak, see and interact normally), muscle spasticity that results in awkward movements, mental retardation, blindness or vision problems, delays in physical or steamy growth, learning and behavior problems at school. Vincent Palusci, MD adds that damage to an infants immature brain, with little stored information and developed capacities, provide impair the brains adaptive abilities.Dr. Palusci cites an example that a child with severe vision-related problems will not learn by observing. Dr. Palusci also says that the development of language, motor coordination and balance will be adversely affected, requiring physical and occupational therapy, utilize a sensory-rich environment, in order to assist the child acquire the skills. Dr. Palusci also underlines the importance of building the childs index to be attentive. Dr. Palusci writes that therapists often work on one child to help him focus and further his management span.Dr.Palusci also says that older kids with SBS may require special education and continued therapy. Plan of Action for Eliazar Gomez From his medical records, it seems that Eliazar may have shaken baby syndrome. Its utterly important to ascertain for sure if he is mentally retarded. It is highly probable that Eliazar has problems with his social skills with fellow students and teachers, and communication skills (just looking at you might indicate that he didnt u nderstand what was being said). His being a busybody might indicate his short attention span. totally of which are signs of mental retardation ( internal Dissemination Center for Children with Disabilities, 2004). If Eliazar is determined to be mentally-retarded, he will lease individualized help. One would need to work with Eliazars parents to come up with an individualized education program for him. Further, the National Dissemination Center for Children with Disabilities writes in its point sheet that teachers will do well to learn much than about mental retardation, and the techniques and strategies one can employ to help mentally-retarded students.One also needs to captivate more involved by emphasizing the students strengths and interest, being aware of his educational goals. On the instruction side, the fact sheet suggests being as concrete as possible, giving less verbal instructions and doing more demonstrations (show a picture, or other visual aids). Longer tasks also need to be broken overcome into smaller steps. (National Dissemination Center for Children with Disabilities, 2004).References 2004. Mental Retardation Fact Sheet. National Dissemination Center for Children withDisabilities. Retreived on 28 March 2008. http//www. nichcy. org/pubs/factshe/fs8txt. htm First statewide shaken baby prevention research project in US. EmaxHealth. Com Retrieved on 28 March 2008. http//www. emaxhealth. com/50/20024. html Golonka, Debby. 2007.Shaken Baby Syndrome. BCB Health Guide. Retrieved on 28 March 2008. http//www. bchealthguide. org/kbase/topic/mini/hw169815/overview. htm Palusci, Vincent J. 2004. Shaken Baby / Shaken Impact Syndrome. http//kidshealth. org/parent/medical/brain/shaken. html.

Follicular Dendritic Cell Sarcoma

follicular Dendritic st every last(predicate) SarcomaFollicular Dendritic Cell Sarcoma and its paraneoplastic manifestations Re pull inAbstractFollicular Dendritic Cell Sarcoma (FDCS) is a rargon neoplasm arising from dendritic cells. The paraneoplastic phenomena are an underreported aspect of FDCS. Here we present a boldness report of FDCS presenting with autoimmune haemolytic anaemia and pass done a detailed review of all its paraneoplastic manifestations.Follicular Dendritic Cell Sarcoma (FDCS) is a rare malignancy, which arises from the follicular dendritic cells. It was number one depict by Monda et al who describes a series of 4 cases(1). Being a relatively new entity, its classification body a subject of controversy. It has been variously described as lymphoma, sarcoma and histiocytic neoplasm. It has been grouped under histiocytic and dendritic cell neoplasms by the WHO 2008 classification(2)There is considerable under-reporting of thisG1 entity as it usually presents with unremarkable clinical and radiological features. It is not uncommon to misdiagnose these cases as lymphoma due to many kindredities in the morphological features between the two entities. With the emergence of modern immunohistochemistry, the dendritic cell lineage can be confirmed and therefore, there is increasing recognition of this group of disorders. Since the first verbal description in 1986, nearly 350 cases of FDCS have been reported(3) including 11 cases from our country(4)FDCS generally presents as a slow growing, well draw painless mass with a median size of 5 cm(2). Constitutional symptoms are not usually seen at presentation. Young to middle-aged adults are affected, without any sex predilection. Over fifty percent of the cases are nodal with cervical and axillary lymph nodes being the most common sites(2). The common extranodal sites include tonsils, nasopharynx, palate,entire gastrointestinal tract, pancreas, liver, peritoneum, and lungs.ComputerizedG2Tomograp hy (CT) scan typically shows morphological aspects of an expansive mass with an increasingly inhomogeneous enhancement, directly proportional to lesion size (due to central necrosis, hemorrhage, and cystic changes with a patchy pattern) (5)G3Local recurrence in FDCS is more(prenominal) similarly than distant metastasis. More than 50% of the cases recur locally by and by wide local excision while only 25% cases fall in distant metastasis. FDCS is considered as a low-grade malignancy by some while separates consider it as an intermediate-grade malignancyG4(6, 7). Liu et al have proposed G5histological criteria for grading the tumor and assessing the risk of recurrence.G6(8). G7G8Variations in clinical behavior of FDCS are described in the literature. At one end of the spectrum, FDCS presenting with multifocal abdominal or pelvic mass behaves like an militant tumor (13) on the other hand, FDCS of the liver and spleen presents like an inflammatory pseudotumor and usually has a di staff predominance. (3)Castlemans affection has been found to be associated with FDCS in a few patients(9-11). It has been proposed that the dysplastic changes and FDC proliferation which occur in Castlemans indisposition whitethorn act as the nidus from which FDCS can evolve.(12)Ebstein-Barr Virus has withal been described in standoff with FDCS especially when the liver or spleen is involved. CD21 expression on the FDC cells has been suggested to be the entry point for EBV in affected cells.(7) FDCS has also been reported to be associated with secondary amyloidosis(13)FDCS mostly arises within lymphoid follicles and has a cognize association with Castlemans disease. Hence it was postulated that it arises from lymphoid harbingers. But studies by Krautler et al suggest that they may arise from prevascular stomal precursor cells, which express platelet-derived growtG9h factor beta(14)FDCS has a distinct picture on histopathology a storiform arrangement of spindle-shaped cells wi th protracted nuclei, delicate, dispersed chromatin and pale eosinophilic cytoplasm. Lymphocytes are seen scattered among the tumor cells and they may also be seen gathered around blood vessels,creating a cuffing pattern. Another peculiarity pattern is a concentric whorl.FDCS is specifically immunopositive to CD21, CD35, and/or CD23, vimentin, fascin, HLA-DR, EMA, D2-40, clusterin, and CXCL13. It shows variable positivity to CD68, CD45, CD3, and CD20.G10(7) a unique point in IHC of FDCS is expression of clusterin which is almost continuously strongly positive , while in other dendritic cell neoplasms, this marker is weakly positive.(13) functional excision of the tumor has been attempted in well circumscribed FDCS. Although some reports suggest that they recur in short afterward(15). Pooled data analysis confirms that surgery remains a good option for localized disease(3, 16). In view of the rarity of FDCS, there is no standard chemotherapeutic regimen for the same. Both lymphoma and sarcoma directed therapies have been tried. eggbeater regimen is one of the usually used with variable results. G11G12CHOP therapy has been postulated to have an indirect action on FDCS by some authors. It has been postulated that CHOP therapy depletes the B lymphocytes leading to a reduction in the growth factors for FDCSG13(17). Other regimens which have been tried include ABVD, EPOCH, ICE, and cisplatin/epirubicin(13). Gemcitabine and cisplatin in combination with imatinib(18)and single-agent rituximabG14are the other reported regimens with some activity against FDCS(19).G15G16 cuticle communicateA 60-year-old female presented with 2 months history of easy fatiguabilityG17 and low-grade fever. She was detected to have severe anemiaG18 and barmy icterus with difficulty in blood cross matching at a local hospital. She was referred to our fetch for further evaluation. General examination revealed marked pallor and generalized lymphadenopathy. The liverwas palpable 5 cm do wnstairs right costal margin and the spleen was palpable 6 cm below left costal margin. Laboratory evaluation revealed Coombs positive hemolytic anemia, which partially responded to sex hormone therapy. Her Lymph node excision biopsy showed diffuse effacement of nodal architecture with multiple fascicles of spindle cells traversing the lymph node and wrapping around the pre- subsisting vessels admixed with many eosinophils and plasma cells (Figure 1a-c). Immunohistochemistry for CD20, CD3, S100, CD 45 and PD-1 were negative, whereas CD23 showed strong membranous positivity in these spindle cells (Figure 1d-i). The histopathological examination was suggestive of Follicular dendritic cell sarcoma. Due to the disseminated involvement by FDCS and associated autoimmune hemolytic anemia, she was treated with CHOP chemotherapy. Both disease and anemia responded to therapy. There are numerous case reports of FDCS presenting with exchangeable paraneoplastic manifestations. They are reviewe d below.G19G20Paraneoplastic manifestations of FDCSParaneoplastic manifestations are a constellation of signs and symptoms that are not directly caused by the malignancy(20). All paraneoplastic manifestations reported with FDCS are of an autoimmune nature. Although they appear similar to classic autoimmune diseases, paraneoplastic autoimmune disorders tend to be more aggressive. Their management too is centered in part on the underlying malignancy (AI) A systematic search was performed on Medline and the paraneoplastic manifestations reported with FDCS in English Literature were identified. (table 1)I. Paraneoplastic Pemphigus (PNP)PNP usually presents secondary to an underlying malignancy, mainly Chronic Lymphocytic leukemia, Non Hodgkins Lymphoma, Thymoma and Castlemans disease(21). PNP is the most commonly reported paraneoplastic manifestation with FDCS. There are 22 cases reports in English literature till date. duration axillary and cervical lymphadenopathy is the most common presentation of FDCS, PNP has been reported mostly with retroperitoneal FDCS. The clinical course of PNP is at variation with the relatively benign course of FDCS and most authors have reported death soon after detection of PNP. An association with the hyaline vascular variant of G21Castlemans disease has been described in 27% of these cases.Reports of other malignancies associated with paraneoplastic syndromes suggest that it is associated with an antitumor response. The underlying malignancy remained undetectable for up to a year after the paraneoplastic syndrome first manifested due to this effect. It has been suggested that the immune response against the paraneoplastic antigen in the tumor, slows down the growth of the tumor(22). The status of FDCS is not in remittal in most of the useable reports. Thus, there is no evidence to suggest an antitumor effect in patients presenting with PNP.Resection of the underlying FDCS along with oral steroids for the PNP has been the usual treatment, but there are 2 reports of usage of high immunosuppression to successfully control the PNP(18, 23).II.Myasthenia Gravis (MG)Seven cases of myasthenia gravis have been reported in literature till date. peerless case was also reported to be associated with Castlemans diseaseInterestingly, four of the seven cases also had paraneoplastic pemphigus. A similar presentation has been reported with another malignancy involving the immune system. Thymoma has a well-known association with MG. Less commonly, it has also been reported with PNP and there is even a report of Thymoma presenting with both MG and PNP. The authors have suggested that the linkage is indirect, with a triad, which also includes the tumor rather than a direct relation. G22G23G24G25 A similar linkage may explain the cases of FDCS with MG and PNP. Alternatively, CD which G26has known association with both these conditions could be the missing linkG27(24-26). But among ready(prenominal) literature, there was n o evidence of CD with FDCS and MG in all but one case.G28G29G30The treatment has been IV immunoglobulin, pyridostigmine, and steroids. near of the authors have reported a good response to therapy with no mortality.G31G32 This is in rapport with the findings of MG with other disorders. Thymoma associated with MG is found to have a better prognosis than thymoma without MG. This has partly been attributed to in the first place detection of the disease(27)III. Autoimmune Hemolytic anaemiaAIHA is a well-known phenomenon in lymphoproliferative disorders. Among the solid organ cancers, a majority of the available literature is with Kaposi sarcoma, lung, kidney and colorectal caG33ncers. It may occur prior to, concurrent with cancer or well after the end of G34treatment (28). Two different responses to therapy have been documented with paraneoplastic AIHA. Some cases are steroid resistant and respond to treatment of the primary malignancy. While, AIHA present along with metastaticG35 ca ncers are usually steroid responsive. G36A search of the literature revealed that G37ours is only the second case of AIHA with FDCS reported. Conry et al. had reported a 36-year-old African-G38G39AmericanG40 female who had presented with AIHA not responding to steroids or splenectomy. She presented 1 year later with the abdominal lump which was diagnosed as FDCS. She did not respond to radiotherapy solo but had a good response to chemotherapy with gemcitabine and docetaxG41el(17). Experience in this case and our case may be insufficient to label AIHA as a paraneoplastic manifestation of FDCS, but several plausible mechanisms of occurrence of AIHA exist in patients of FDCS. And FDCS has known association with other autoimmune paraneoplastic syndromes. So with increased awareness of this association, we hope that more such cases will be documented. G42G43Proposed mechanisms for development of autoimmunityG44Castlemans disease is known to be associated with PNP. Several authors have suggested that a preexisting Castlemans may be the cause of PNP in cases of FDCS. Maverakis et al divide paraneoplastic autoimmune disorders broadly into 3 categories (i) Disruption of central tolerance, (ii) peripheral immune dysregulation and (iii) alteration of self-antigensG45(29). The mechanisms proposed for the occurrence of paraneoplastic phenomena in FDCS are so alter that we could find at least one hypothesis under each of these three headings.G46Disruption of primordial tolerance1.Hartert et al and Kim et al have reported immature T cell proliferation, which is not characteristic of FDCS, in those presenting with Myasthenia Gravis. The resulting immune dysregulation may be lead to paraneoplastic phenomena (30, 31).2. Spreading epitope phenomenon states that cytokines produced by the tumor possess immunoglobulin production, which in turn leads to paraneoplastic phenomena(32). G47Peripheral immune dysregulationG481. B7 is a ligand which required for activation of T cells. Most antigen presenting cells have a low expression of B7 ligand, the only exception being the dendritic cell. The B7 expression on NHL cellsG49 has been proposed as the mechanism underlying autoimmune phenomena seen in them(29). FDCS which arises from dendritic cells may also have a similar mechanism.Alteration of self-antigensG501.Antibodies directed against the tumor may cross-react with epidermG51al antigens in the case of PNP(32). Shared antigens between FDCS and erythrocytes like CD 35 may be the link in case of Autoimmune Hemolytic AnemiaConclusionThe paraneoplastic phenomena are an underreported aspect of FDCS. The clinical scenario is not uniform among all FDCS with paraneoplastic phenomena. While PNP is associated with poor prognosis, the available reports on AIHA and MG suggest a relatively benign course. There are only 2 cases of AIHA reported with FDCS. Although the mechanism for the development of AIHA in FDCS has been proposed, there is a possibility that it is simpl y a G52case of 2 unrelated diseases occurring together. In the times to come, better recognition of this entity amongst pathologists may lead to an identification of a larger number of patients. Thereby our understanding of this rare neoplasm and its even rareG53G54r complication of PNS will improve put off I Case reports of FDCS with Para Neoplastic PemphigusNoYearAge/SexCastlemanLocation of FDCSTherapy attachedInterval to PNPStatus of FDCS when PNP occurred outlet and commentsRef.1199966/M+ abdominal muscle surgical operation480 monthsPost-excisionG55Died after 8 days(9)2200464/FAbdominalSurgery18 monthsNoAlive at 7m(33)3200532/M+NASurgery + ChemoNANot in amnestyDied at 3m(10)4200527/FAbdominalNANANANA(34)56200553/F+AbdominalSurgery synchronalNot in cave inDied at 1 year(35)7200860/MLungNil synchronousPost-excisionG56Died at 6m(19)8200867/MAbdominalSurgery1 monthsPost-excisionRelapse at 12mMG+(36)9201068/MAbdominalSurgery1 monthPost-excisionDied at 24mMG +(31)102011NANANANANAR elapsed(11)112011NA+NANANANANA(11)122011NA+NANANANANA(11)13201239/FNASurgeryNANAAlive at 60m(37)14201267/MNASurgerySimultaneousPost-excisionDied after 21mMG +(37)15201268/MAbdominalSurgerySimultaneousPost-excisionDied at 3m simultaneous thyroid and renal cancer(38)16201361/F+Abdominal + multiple sitesSurgery + Chemo36 monthsNot in remissionDied(39)17201328/M+AbdominalChemoSimultaneousNot in remissionNA(40)18201320/M+Rt pelvisChemosimultaneousNot in remissionDied at 1m(41)19201446/FLiverSurgery + Chemo6 monthsNot in remissionDied at 12m(23)20201420/MRt parahilarSurgery + ChemoNilPost-excisionAlive at 12m(42)21201526/F+NANANANAAliveMG+(43)Case reports of FDCS with Myasthenia GravisNoYearAge/SexCastlemanLocation of FDCSTherapy givenInterval to MGStatus of FDCS when MG occurredOutcome and commentsRef.1200867/MAbdominalSurgery1 monthsPost-excisionRelapse at 12 mPNP+(36)2201068/MAbdominalSurgerySimultaneousPost-excisionDied at 24mPNP+(31)3201039/FMediastinalSurgery36 months prior to FDCSN ot in remissionNA(30)4201072/F+MediastinalSurgery7 months prior to FDCSNot in remissionAlive at 8m(25)5201159/FAxillarySurgery1.5 monthsPost-excisionNA(44)6201267/MNASurgerySimultaneousPost-excisionDied after 21mPNP+(37)7201526/F+NANANANAAlivePNP+(43)Case reports of FDCS with Auto Immune Hemolytic AnemiaNoYearAge/SexCastleman