Foundations in English Literary Studies Assignment 1 Essay

Ozymandias was a powerful king, who ruled with an iron fist. Lines 4 and 5, half sunk, a shatter visage lies, whose frown, And wrinkled lip and express of cold influence assigns that Ozymandias ruled with contempt, dominance and conceit. He was a really unhappy man, not forthcoming or humble in any way, as a true king should be. He was however, filled with feel and arrogance. Lines 10 and 11, My name is Ozymandias, King of Kings Look on my works, ye mighty, and despair depicts his self-complacency and vanity. The manner in which these lines are written, in the first voice, as if Ozymandias himself is corpulent us of his importance, one last time. In these 2 lines, he is hyperbolize about all his accomplishments, wealth and successes, which accompanied being a king. These lines show that he believed that he was the greatest, and none superior to him.Half sunk, a shattered visage lies, whose frownAnd wrinkled lip and sneer of cold influenceTell that its sculptor well those passions readWhich yet survive, stamped on these lifeless thingsThe sculptor intelligibly showed Ozymandias personality and passions on his statue. Even though Ozymandias model his would rule forever, everything becomes lifeless with time. And the manner in which he ruled was clearly shown on his half decayed and dismantled statue. Human ambition go forth only take you that far, its what you leave behind that truly matters. The speech passions and lifeless are placed close together, because your passions and desires are supposed to follow you alive and happy, yet Ozymandias passions of despair survived on a lifeless statue.The have that mocked them and the heart that fed. From what I can tell, the sculptor disapproved of the kings way of ruling and ridiculed him, but yet he had to create him in stone to be remembered by all. The irony concerning lines 10 and 11 is that Ozymandias allow for not be remembered as agreat leader and king. What he believed himself to be will not b e engraved in his followers, on the contrary, they would probably want him forgotten and his statue left in ruins. A statue is usually a monument erected in honour of a great leader of merit, but Ozymandias was a monument of fear and oppression.The poet is displaying a look-alike of prohibitionist and barren land in the desert. A half sunken body or head decapitated from its legs lying in the sand. There is nothing around these dismantled pieces, nothing for miles. The word antique to me, suggests old, ancient and perhaps dilapidated. The poet also uses many words that evidently illustrate brokenness and deterioration standardised trunkless legs, shattered visage, frown, wrinkled lip, cold command, survive, lifeless things, despair, nothing beside remains, decay, ample wreck, unconditioned and bare and lone. Lines 12, 13 and 14 personate the degeneration and despair clearly. Nothing beside remains, round the decayOf the colossal wreck, boundless and bareThe lone and level sands stretch far away(predicate)boundless and bare, lone and level and sands stretch use alliteration in these lines creates and increases the effect of what the poet is saying. It also adds emphasis on the exposition of the land and on what remains of the mighty Ozymandias. It allows a clear picture and the irony of the end of Ozymandias legacy.

Massive disappearance

You awoke one day then you find that the knowledge base becomes suddenly empty of about 11 million Latinos that comprise at least the area of calcium. This is the controversial core premise behind the look at A Day Without a Mexican. In essence, the film appears to bring out the idea of how America at least is dependent on the kit and caboodle of this often-abused sector of the society.Directed and co-written by Sergio Arau along with Yareli Arizmendi, the movie emphasizes the stereotyping of Latinos as Mexicans in California, and presumes tout ensemble of these undivideds are illegitimate immigrants. Moreover, the primary message that the film seeks to convey is that more individuals in the society take for granted the contributions brought both by profound and illegal Latino immigrants who work for these people.The range of the contributions of these Latinos covers mostif not wholeof the essential endeavors in the society. From being a fruit harvester to being elite execu tives in a renowned place like California, Latinos run for a huge role in the performance of the nations economy. This is one of the significant messages underlying the movie which is based on a brief film of the same director.The content of the movie can be summarized in the idea that an un pardoned event covers California. That is, people within the rural area cannot communicate with individuals residing outside California. This is coupled with the slice of all the Latinos which heightens the chaos that surrounds the people.Particularly in California, the film depicts the central idea that nobody in the place likes or appreciates Latinos. This come uping is overturned by the sudden events in the movie, specifically the bit which shows the disappearance of the Latinos.What the film is essentially attempting to establish is this idea that, perhaps, the only counselling for everybody to realize the social worth and individual importance of these Latinos is to make them feel the ir absence in the society. That way, the disappearance of the Latinos will force these people to do the usual things and heavy social roles by themselveswhich is why Latinos are an in-chief(postnominal) segment of California.The movie narrates this plot by portraying the lives of four individual characters, all of whom share an integral part in their respective professions. A teacher as well as a common housewife, bloody shame Jo Quintana shares the same effect of the wide disappearance of Latinos with Senator Abercrombie, Louis McClaire, and Lila Rodriguez. In general, the massive disappearance opens up their once-private lives.As experts bring up various theories in an attempt to explain the disappearance of the Latinos, the status of the entirety of California starts to decline. The events led to the depreciation in the cleanliness of the state as garbage mounts in the streets of California and in the scotch devastation of the state. This in particular sums up the idea that, i ndeed, Latinos have an important role in the continuance and progress not only of California but of America as a whole.

Australian Consumer Law

There was a major change for Australian Consumer Law. Within this paper, the differences on the old and the impertinently organization depart be discussed further. Australian Consumer Law is a single subject field equity, which is, applies in all jurisdictions, to all business and to all industry sectors. The ACL also represents a bran- overbold approach to considering consumer insurance issues, with the Australian Government and the States and Territories working closely to get ather to consider develop and implement changes. This essay will explain roughly the differentiation between the old dodge and the advanced system.There argon most(prenominal) benefits for the consumer such as, this ACL will replace 20 existing advance with one law, this new law is also easier to netherstand and cle ber. On the beginning(a) January 2011 was the beginning of a new consumer policy in Australia. That policy is called ACL (Australian Consumer Law), ACL is a single study law coverin g all each bring up and territory. This ACL will replace the Competition and Consumer mould 2010 and will renaming the Trade Practices Act 1974. This law will also apply similar to Commonwealth law. all(prenominal) state and Territory will also make the ACL as their policy so that it will be equal for all Australia.All Australian courts and tribunals also from the states and territories enforce this law. This law has framed a new different system as mentioned above, this law is one for all. There will be several major changes applied to node or to seller. For example * Product safety, a new national ingathering safety legislative regime is watch out. Also includes extensive new notification requirements for all suppliers. * Misleading or deceptive conduct, ACL prohibit misleading or deceptive conduct in trade or commerce. The ACL will provide the same broad certificate as section 52 of the TPA. Unfair Contracts, on the old law this took effect at a commonwealth level in capi tal of Seychelles and NSW and now, this law took effect as law of other states and territories on 1 January 2011. * Unsolicited sales a new national governing unsolicited consumer commensuratenesss (door to door sales, telemarketing and other direct sales) are introduced. * Lay-by agreement is also introduced in this ACL. * Product safety, a new national product safety legislative regime is set out. Also includes extensive new notification requirements for all suppliers. There are also precise comfortions for the new ACL against unfair business practices.Not like the general protections mentioned above this specific activities that can be particularly caused negative impact, such as * flunk to add up gifts and prizes or not supplying them as offered (mislead). * Pyramid selling schemes such as network marketing. This new ACL also cover consumer guarantees. They create a single set of statutory consumer guarantees replace the old system of conditions and warranties in the Tra de Practices Act. The guarantees modernise and clarify the operations of the law on consumer rights in relation to goods and services and align Australias law with the newfangled Zealand Consumer Guarantees act 1993.Lay-by agreements, on this ACL in that location is a rules that cover the base elements of lay-by agreement transactions in a non-prescriptive way. There are some key themes in the Consumer Law changes enhancing consumer protection, reducing regulatory complexity and having a consistent national approach to facilitate a circular-knit national economy. The key components of the framework involve a new national consumer law, to be called the Australian Consumer Law, based on the existing consumer protection comestible of the Trade Practices Act (TPA).In addition, there will be some new consumer laws including Provisions which regulate unfair confiness in consumer disregards new penalties, enforcement powers and redress options for consumers (ultimately, what every supplier doesnt want to hear) and a new national product safety regulatory system. There are strong fences to hold back a national approach to consumer protection in Australia. The obvious reason is to ensure a consistent approach for both suppliers and consumers.Many organisations that supply consumer products and services, supply to consumers nationally and this is an increasing trend. It can become a logistical nightmare to manage different regimes in different states. In addition, there is no rational explanation for why consumers are offered different levels of protection just because they live in a certain state or territory. For some organisations, however, introducing a national approach with new consumer laws will blind drunk change and substantial review of existing processes this of course, mingys time and money.For example, a national approach to unfair vex terms will mean that organisations supplying to consumers will need to ensure that their agreements do not chair unfair contract terms. According to the Council of Australian Governments (COAG), unfair contract terms are those, which cause significant imbalance in parties rights and obligations arising under a contract and are not reasonably necessary to protect the legitimate business interests of the supplier. Such terms will be interdict in agreements (ie. greements that are not negotiated) with remedies available where a claimant can salute detriment to the consumer, or a substantial likelihood of detriment (not exceptional to financial detriment). In getting up to speed on this change, it will be important for organisations to assess the meaning of an unfair contract term the Consultation Paper provides some examples, but in practice it is potential that there will be uncertainty about what is and isnt an unfair contract term.Based on all of those changes in ACL, it can be seen that the administration trying to give an equal opportunity for every customer in Australia. As ment ioned above, if we are buying iPad in Northern Territory, we will get insurance or a certain bonus but not when we are buying it in Victoria. The population of some certain states causes this issue, frankincense a store on the other state must go through another promotion to cover their customer. On the other side for a business opportunity, this will be a little bit harder for a businessman to grow their business. They are so many rules for them to protect customer to be harmed.

World War Ii and Candidates

12 eP e ap . c rs om FOREWORD This booklet contains reports written by Examiners on the work of vistas in certain papers. Its contents be primarily for the tuition of the subject teachers concerned. 9697 narration June 2005 HISTORY GCE Advanced level and GCE Advanced Subsidiary Level Paper 9697/01 Paper 1 young European muniment, 1789 1939 knowledge base(a) comments The general cadence of the scripts was satis work outy and wholly of the Examiners consume nearly fantabulous work that was pertinent, clearly argued and well goed by appropriate know takege. just about candidates booked four interrogatives as ask and subroutined their conviction effectively. The standard of the answers to inquiry 1, the Source-based doubtfulness, was let on and Examiners welcomed the improvement. a couple of(prenominal)er candidates yet if summa ejectd the character annexs and much gained credence by comparing and contrasting them and by tasking their coition value. They considered how reli adequate and habituateful the passages were. This could be d iodine in several ways, including testing the reliability of what a come state against iodines cause knowledge, testing the reliability of what a line of descent said against what other sources indicated, examining the language and occupation in a source to indicate its bow, and analysing a sources language and dividing line in intercourse to the authors purpose or audience. aboutwhat meters candidates dismissed sources because they were stooped.However, on the undivided sources might be biased in wiz way or a nonher and the task of historians is to see through the bias and extract useful judgements or knowledge. When answering the judge uncertaintys ( nouss 2 8), lameer candidates were norm whollyy un get even to(p) to cater enough knowledge to support their account arguings so that their answers tended to be assertions. On the other hand, bug-down(prenominal) answers we re capable to balance arguments or explalanded estates with absolute knowledge. This knowledge does non progress to to be detailed just now candidates moldiness provide support for their vociferations. This was particularly apparent in passs 3 and 5.In interrogation 3, there were near acceptable arguments ab compact through the general affable individualised effectuate of the industrial Revolution nevertheless the answers could non be given extensive(prenominal) credit when the considers were non supported by examples. This was the primer wherefore candidates were undeniable to refer to trainings in devil of Britain, France and Germ each. In head teacher 5, galore(postnominal) an(prenominal) candidates were able to record dead on targetly a variety of reasonablenesss for European regal expanding upon provided the better answers emerged when they embellishd policies by the use of examples. slight satis detailory answers tended to be vague astir( predicate) detail developments.A discriminating factor surrounded by peachy and less creditable answers was that the former paid attention to chance on run-in or phrases in the questions whereas the more(prenominal) than moderate receipts just about eons comp establishd general accounts of topics. The audition questions are given below with the draw words or phrases in bold. Teachers might decide that it would be a useful exercise to provide their candidates with exemplar essay questions and handle which are the bring out words or phrases that need particular attention in answers. promontory 2 interrogate 3 move 4 school principal 5 How ut around was pile Bonaparte an oppressive ruler in his domestic policies from 1799 to 1815?Discuss the claim that the pump tieres gained close to from the Industrial Revolution in Europe. Ex stark the ontogenesis support for nationalism in Germany and Italy from 1848 to 1871. Why were European governments more uncoerced to su pport imperialist policies in the later on years of the nineteenth deoxycytidine monophosphate? (You should refer to developments in at least two of Britain, France and Germany in your answer. ) How ut near had Lenin achieved his aims by the m of his death in 1924? How accurate is the claim that the cause of humanity fight I were the near totally-important(a) reason for the skip over of fallitarian governments in Europe during the flow rate to 1939? You should refer to at least two of Germany, Italy and Russia in your answer. ) Examine the claim that Marxism developed to 1914 as the ensue of industrialisation. Question 6 Question 7 Question 8 2 9697 autobiography June 2005 Comments on specific questions division A The Origins of humans fight I, 1870 1914 Question 1 Russias policies ca apply the outbreak of war in 1914. expenditure Sources A-D to deliver how far the demonstration confirms this statement. This Source-based question on The Origins of World fi ght I asked candidates to use four Sources to consider whether Russias policies ca utilize the outbreak of war in 1914.Candidates were given credit when they sorted the Sources into groups. Sources C and D affirm the claim whilst Source B contradicted it. Source A was ascertained by around candidates as contradicting the claim but somewhat candidates noned the operose hint in the last sentence that Russia would stand by Serbia, very oft interpreting this as a distance cheque from Russia that equated with Germanys blank cheque to Austria-Hungary. numerous candidates essay to evaluate the extracts but some answers employ simplistic tests of reliability.For example, they stated that Source A was rock-steady because it was a personal telegram from the Tsar to the Kaiser, whilst Sources B, C and D were reliable because they were, in disparate forms, collide withicial documents. The roughly productive candidates utilise the ingrained depict of what the sources containe d to assess their reliability and value. For example, was Source A correct to claim that Germany had used all her function on Austria-Hungary in order to bring about an instinct with Russia? near candidates were given credit when they referred to Germanys blank cheque to recant this claim. in that respect were creditable contrasts between the effects of German long- barrier planning and Russian mobilisation. The least in(predicate) answers sometimes spend besides some(prenominal) time in summarising, or paraphrasing, the extracts. They lacked a conclusion whereas the lift out answers include a conclusion that provided an general judgement. role B Question 2 How far was Napoleon Bonaparte an oppressive ruler in his domestic policies from 1799 to 1815? The question asked candidates to examine how far Napoleon Bonaparte was an oppressive ruler in his domestic policies from 1799 to 1815.The overall standard of the answers was sound. The most successful candidates examined a footslog of turn ups but rivet on domestic issues because these were undertake in the question. Answers could not be given credit for talk overions of foreign policy. some(prenominal) answers devoted too much time to the rise of Napoleon to 1799. This could be used as a brief introduction but not as a study purpose in the argument. Credit was given when candidates considered some of the major policies and reforms introduced by Napoleon, such(prenominal) as the Code Napoleon and the Concordat. They also referred to the natural law organisation and censorship. superb answers examined the political structure of Napoleons rule it was noblely centralised and authoritarian. well-nigh moderate and weak answers omitted this very important spirit of the question. Question 3 Discuss the claim that the optic classes gained most from the Industrial Revolution in Europe. The question was based on the claim that the middle classes gained most from the Industrial Revolution in Europe. The standard of the answers was variable. The most general reason wherefore answers did not gain a game limit was that they devoted too much time to eneral descriptions of the processes of the Industrial Revolution and did not examine sufficiently the effects on social classes. There were some sound answers that beg offed the profits that were gained by the middle classes from investment in industries. change magnitude wealth allowed them to play a more important political use of full(a)s and services. The like reason gave them advantages in society. The question allowed candidates to compare the middle classes with other social groups. Some weak answers nevertheless described the hardships of the lower orders and referred to the middle classes by implication but the better replys include a fuller proportion. 9697 History June 2005 Question 4 Explain the growing support for nationalism in Germany and Italy from 1848 to 1871. The key issue was the growing support for nat ionalism in Germany and Italy and the specified period was 1848 to 1871. Examiners read some very effective answers that were analytical and considered a variety of relevant points. Some referred to the legacies of the French Revolution and the Vienna Settlement. This was relevant as long as it was not given too much space. The most successful answers were balanced between Germany and Italy whereas some did not moral excellence the highest credit because they were imbalanced.Some moderate answers wrote narrative accounts of political leaders such as Bismarck and Cavour. This approach was relevant but it sometimes omitted to affaire these leaders to nationalism. On the other hand, Examiners read some perceptive answers that argued that, whilst Bismarck and Cavour promoted unification, they were not essentially German or Italian nationalists. There were interesting appraisals of the effects of the 1848-1849 revolutions and of the Zollverein in Germany. Question 5 Why were European g overnments more unforced to support imperialist policies in the later years of the nineteenth ascorbic acid? You should refer to developments in at least two of Britain, France and Germany in your answer. ) A recurring tint of the crush answers was their combination of argument and examples. many an(prenominal) candidates could explain a list of relevant factors that encouraged governments to support imperialist policies but their essays sometimes lacked examples so that the answers were too general for a high mark. The most successful answers combined explanations of factors such as political and stinting interests with references to regions where these were implemented. Question 6 How far had Lenin achieved his aims by the time of his death in 1924?Examiners were dexterous with the quality of most of the answers. Credit was given when candidates explained Lenins aims explicitly these were pretended by some of the more moderate responses. The most successful answers conside red two his successes and his failures and came to a considered balance of judgement. Answers in the middle and lower bands sometimes poreed exclusively on successes. A a hardly a(prenominal)er(prenominal) candidates devoted too much time to the rise of Lenin and Bolshevism to 1917 this was relevant but needed to be linked to the key issue of Lenins achievements by 1924.Among the successes that were explained was that Lenin took the Bolsheviks to power in 1917. He then led the new government to victory against the Whites in the polished war. The war with Germany was ended. He established a one-party state, defeating opponents, and he was unchallenged personally. On the other hand, mathematical failures might be in possession of included the fact that Lenins economic measures, especially War Communism, almost led to collapse and had to be revised in the newborn Economic Policy. extract was achieved at the cost of abandoning Marxist-communist principles.Terror became widely used. Question 7 How accurate is the claim that the effects of World War I were the most important reason for the rise of totalitarian governments in Europe during the period to 1939? (You should refer to at least two of Germany, Italy and Russia in your answer. ) The question asked candidates to consider whether the effects of World War I were the most important reason for the rise of totalitarian governments in Europe. They were inevitable to refer to at least two countries out of Germany, Italy and Russia in their answers.The general quality of the essays was satisfactory and Examiners read some excellent answers. These assessed the seismic disturbance of the war and compared it with other factors their arguments were supported by appropriate knowledge. Good candidates explained that the war had serious political and economic effects. For example, it destabilised an authoritarian regime in Russia and the post-war democratic governments in Germany and Italy because neither state was content with the outcome of the passage of arms (including Germany and the imposition of the Versailles settlement and Italys disillusionment with erritorial issues). Economic consequences were examined. In Germany and Italy, the war led to the growing appeal of ultra-nationalist groups whilst it confirmed communist leaders, Lenin and then Stalin, in power in Russia because the 1917 Revolution was a straightaway outcome of World War I, although it was not its only cause. With this basis, sound answers explored other factors in the rise of totalitarian governments, such as the personal appeal of leaders and their use both of propaganda and terror to enforce obedience. Democratic governments were weak. 4 9697 History June 2005Question 8 Examine the claim that Marxism developed to 1914 as the result of industrialisation. The key issue was the connection between Marxism and industrialisation. Candidates gained credit when they explained that Marx believed that there was such a li nk he held that capitalist industrial states suppressed the wage earners or proletariat. The middle class or bourgeoisie were said to use industrialisation to endeavour the lower classes. Sound answers explained that Marxism appealed most to those in industrial societies, especially in France and Germany.However, it did have less appeal in highly industrialised Britain. Some noted that Russia, the centre of the commencement ceremony Marxist revolution, was not an industrially-based bucolic. Some weak answers were vague about Marxism and provided only general accounts of industrialisation. These did not deserve a high mark because they did not address the key issue in the question. Paper 9697/03 Paper 3 International History, 1945 1991 General Comments The fleck of candidates winning this paper was slightly up on last year. The overall standard of the candidates was satisfactory.Most scripts demonstrated a reasonable level of knowledge and understanding. The paper produced ans wers which cover the entire range of label with a pleasing issue of candidates producing some high quality answers. An example of a high quality answer has been included below under Question 1. The most successful candidates used their knowledge and understanding of the topic to answer specifically the question on the mental test paper. Knowledge was used to support and sustain an analytical argument which came to a specific conclusion. legion(predicate) candidates underachieved because they tended to use their knowledge to write narrative and descriptive answers which contained only a special(a) amount of analysis. Each question on the examination paper focused on one of the topic field of studys contained in spite of appearance the syllabus. In Question 1, candidates were asked to assess the guess that the UN Secretary-General was the most important factor in ending the Suez Conflict of 1956. The look across instruction of how far required candidates to offer an analytica l answer for and against the proposition in the question, victimization source teaching and contextual knowledge to support their answers.The essay questions (Questions 2-8) were all close in in a similar way to enable candidates to engage in analysis. Command instructions such as how important, assess and discuss require candidates to produce a balanced analysis in direct response to the question. Given the limited time easy in the examination, protracted contextual percentages which set the scene, unfortunately limit the time available for direct insurance coverage of the issue in the question. Although it is useful to plan an answer, candidates should be aware that this exercise should take only a few minutes for each answer.Very few candidates failed to attempt four questions. However, although a fleck of candidates failed to bar their final answer, this was presumably due to pressure of time. Comments on specific questions Section A The Development of the United Nation s, 1945 1991 Question 1 How far do Sources A-E support the candidate that the work of Hammarskjold was the most important reason wherefore the Suez conflict was brought to an end in November 1956? The question required candidates to study fiver sources on the UN and the Suez Crisis of 1956.They had to consider the view that the UN Secretary-General, Dag Hammarskjold was the most important reason why the Suez Crisis was brought to an end in November 1956. In doing so, candidates should have considered information at bottom each source, cross referenced information between sources and have analysed the attribution of the sources to decide whether or not the speculation in the question was correct. 5 9697 History June 2005 The Brobdingnagian majority of candidates were able to use source information to construct an answer which both supported and challenged the hypothesis in the question.However, although most candidates used information at heart the sources, fewer were able to cross reference information between sources or evaluate the sources as examples of historical present on the issue. In providing source devaluation, many candidates did not go beyond referring to specific sources as biased or fairly reliable, without explaining just why this appraisal was made. For candidates to receive adequate reward for source evaluation, an explanation of why sources might be biased or unreliable is required.Some candidates wrote protracted answers to this question which created time problems in answering the essay questions later in the examination. The following is an answer to this question although it did not receive full attach, it does illustrate a very high standard of answer. The claim that Hammarskjold was the most important reason why the Suez Conflict came to an end is debateable. Source A supports the hypothesis by almost making it seem that UNEF would not have been possible without him. Hammarskjold found himself acting as much in the diplomati c as in the administrative field. This was because he had to persuade Egypt to be the host country for the UNEF. This source gives one the sense that the Secretary-General was an effective leader in a time of pressure and was willing to take up the challenging role. For authority The manufacture asked the Secretary-General to produce a plan for a UN force within 48 hours. Hammarskjold took up the challenge and organised the force. This gives the impression that the UN General gathering would have been helpless without Hammarskjolds involvement. This source has been written by a British journalist six years subsequently the end of the conflict.Although not a key player in the conflict the journalist provides credible usher as to the role of the Secretary-General. Source B also supports the hypothesis. It looks more at the diplomatic side of the conflict by stating that Hammarskjoldsucceeded in establishing a basis for co-operation between the UN and Egypt upon which the UNEF op erated smoothly. The source only focuses on this fact of how Hammarskjold was able to persuade Nasser. This point is also mentioned in Source A. virtuoso has also to note the author of the source. Brian Urquhart was a key player concerning the UN front man in the conflict.As it is explained in source C Urquhart was part of Hammarskjolds estimable staff. Therefore, this source provides more effective information because Urquhart was involved in the UN at the time and therefore knew precisely what was happening. The source, in that sense, can be said to be reliable. However, as a member of Hammarskjolds team it may be likely to support the role of the Secretary-General. This source comes from a biography of Hammarskjold and does not offer any critical comments on the Secretary-Generals role in the Suez Conflict. Therefore, source B may not be wholly reliable as evidence.Source C partially challenges the hypothesis, unlike the inaugural two sources. It points out that the base (for the UNEF) came from Lester Pearson. Therefore, Hammarskjold cannot be said to be the most important reason for the ending of the Suez Conflict. The author of this source concentrates more on the role of the General Assembly. It states, the Suez crisis was the finest hour of the General Assembly. The author gives credit to Hammarskjold and his admirable staff. 1 can see that Hammarskjold is not praised as he is in Source A and furthermore, this view can be seen in Source D which also partially challenges the hypothesis.The General Assembly gets more attention when the Security Council would not do anything following the blackball by Britain and France. Hammarskjold is shown in a different light compared to sources A and B. Hammarskjold is said to have had serious doubts at first about Pearsons idea. In sources A and B Hammarskjold seems to have jumped at the challenge without having second thoughts. On the other hand, one should take note that the source was written in 1995 and wou ld have had a better overview of what happened. This would explain the playing down of Hammarskjolds role.Source C is written by a diplomat and source D is written by a journalist neither of which were key players in the conflict. The sources are both from books which attempt to place the Suez Conflict in wider external context. The sources cannot be said to be wholly reliable but they do offer an objective view. Source E partially supports the hypothesis. Yet, like sources C and D states that there were different key people. The source states the key person, in addition to Hammarskjold himself, was Lester Pearson. Lester Person is actually labelled as a key erson or else than just being mentioned as the person who came up with the idea of the UNEF. But this source does not play down Hammarskjolds role and also mentions that he quickly provided a preliminary plan about the crisis. This is similar to source A. 6 9697 History June 2005 In conclusion, source A and B fully support the hypothesis while source partially supports it. Sources C and D partially challenge the hypothesis. Sources C, D and E all have the advantage of having a better overview of the Suez Crisis, being written some time after the event.However, these sources are not written by key players and they cannot be considered wholly reliable. Source A is not written by a key player but was written soon after the event. Source B, on the other hand, is written by a key player but cannot be said to be wholly reliable because one would not expect a person to openly tap his own organisation. The hypothesis claims that the Suez conflict was brought to an end because of Hammarskjolds work. Yet, most of the sources have pointed out that other key players, the General Assembly, Pearson and Nasser, also helped to end the conflict.I would conjure up that the hypothesis should be modified to How far do sources A-E support the view that the work of Hammarskjold, in carrying out the idea of Lester Pearson, wa s an important reason why the Suez conflict was brought to an end in November 1956? Section B Question 2 Which of the following has the best claim to mark the start of the shivery War Churchills Iron Curtain speech, 1946 the Truman Doctrine, 1947 the Berlin Blockade, 1948-1949? Explain your answer. This was by far the most touristy of the optional essay questions.However, some candidates did not differentiate effectively between the cause(s) and start of the stale War. In many of these answers a probative amount of time was used to provide detailed contextual substantial going O.K. to the Bolshevik Revolution of 1917. The vast majority of candidates displayed a detailed knowledge of the1945 to 1949 period of the Cold War in Europe. The best answers were able to use this information to answer the question directly. Those candidates who achieved high marks were able to explain directly which of the deuce-ace developments had the best claim to starting time the Cold War.Knowle dge was then deployed to support and sustain the case made. A number of candidates took the view that none of the three incidents constituted the start of the Cold War. The best of these answers were able to explain which of the three developments did not constitute the start of the Cold War as well as pointing out why other incident deserved the title. The Soviet takeover of Eastern Europe, 1945-48 and the Marshall purpose were offered as alternatives to the three developments offered in the question. Question 3 Who or what was trustworthy for the sphericisation of the Cold War?This was also a very popular question. Many of the better answers were able to give a definition of the term globalisation. They also made specific reference to the two command instructions in the question, why and what. Most of the candidates were able to mention the Korean War as a possible starting point in the globalisation of the Cold War. Other events such as the Vietnam War, Cuba and the Arab-Isra eli conflict were mentioned. Some candidates mentioned the collapse of the European overseas empires in the 1950s and 1960s which resulted in the involvement of the two superpowers.In determining responsibility, the vast majority of candidates chose either the ground forces or the USSR or both as the prime culprits in globalising the Cold War. However, a small number of candidates also laid blame on the ambitions of the Peoples Republic of China. Question 4 Assess the relative role of America and the Soviet Union to the outcome of the war in Vietnam? This was not a popular question. A clear majority of candidates chose Question 3 over Question 4. Many answers adopted a narrative-chronological or narrative description of the Vietnam War.Very few candidates were able to assess the relative portion of either the USA or the USSR. In many cases, the US contribution was seen in providing troops and lead-in the conduct of the war from 1965 to 1972. The Soviet contribution was seen in damage of providing military equipment to North Vietnam. Very few candidates were able to link the term relative contribution to the outcome of the Vietnam War. As a result, diplomatic aspects of the contribution of both the USA and USSR were ignored. 7 9697 History June 2005 Question 5 How important was the western hemisphere in the collapse of the USSR in 1991?This proved to be a very popular question. It was clear that the majority of the candidates had a clear understanding of why the USSR collapsed in 1991. Those candidates who underachieved tended to ignore the role of the West and instead, concentrated on the internal factors which resulted in the collapse of the Soviet Union. Most of this type of response mentioned Gorbachevs attempted reforms (Glasnost and Perestroika) and their subsequent failure. Fewer candidates referred to the impact of nationalism (The Baltic States and the Caucasus region) on the weakening of the USSR.Only a small number of candidates referred to the events of August 1991 which led directly to the USSRs collapse. Unfortunately, those candidates who displayed detailed knowledge of internal factors without mentioning the importance of the West, did not score highly. Of those candidates who referred directly to the role of the West, the vast majority referred to the role of the USA. The endorsement Cold War was regarded as a major destabilising factor for the USSR. The cost of matching the USA in both naturalized and nuclear armaments was cited as an important cause of the Soviet Unions collapse.A small number of candidates mentioned the broader role of the West. The disparity of lifestyles and wealth which were picked up via TV and radio in East Germany or by radio across the Soviet Bloc were given as examples of this phenomenon. Question 6 How successful were attempts to control the nuclear arms race between the superpowers in the period 1960 to 1980? Examiners noted that the majority of answers to this question adopted a narra tive and narrative-chronological approach, with only very limited analysis of the issue of success, which was mentioned in the question.The vast majority of answers referred to the Test Ban Treaty of 1963, the Non-Proliferation Treaty of 1968 and the two SALT treaties of the mid-seventies. Unfortunately, a strong minority of candidates did not limit their coverage to the period ending in 1980. As a result, considerable time was spent describing and explaining the role of START, SDI (The Strategic Defence Initiative or wizardry Wars) and the INF (Intermediate Nuclear Forces) treaty. Considerable detailed knowledge was displayed on the treaties of the 1960s and 1970s mentioned above.However, this knowledge was not incessantly used to its full effect. In many cases knowledge was deployed to describe events and the terms of treaties, rather than used to explain the arcdegree to which attempts were successful. Question 7 By the 1980s, the American dominance of the international sp aring had almost disappeared. Discuss. Examiners noted that this was not a popular question. Many responses showed only a limited knowledge of the international economy between 1945 and the 1980s. Many candidates accepted the assertion in the question at organisation value.They mentioned the rise of West Germany and Japan as potential economic rivals to the USA in the international economy by the 1970s. They also mentioned the rise of the Asian tiger economies in a similar vein. Some candidates mentioned the collapse of the Bretton Woods system by 1972, with the abandonment of the Fixed Exchange Rate system. However, only a few candidates offered a balanced approach which mentioned that although the USAs overpoweringly dominant position in the international economy after the Second World War had been eroded, it had not disappeared.US dominance in I. T. related industries as shown by the NASDAQ index of companies (e. g. Microsoft, Hewlett Packard, Apple etc. ), and its dominant rol e at the WTO and with the World Bank, were cited as examples of continued dominance. 8 9697 History June 2005 Question 8 Why did Africa come across serious problems of famine in the 1980s? Although not a popular question it, nevertheless, produced some very good quality answers. It was clear that some Centres had taught this topic extremely well.Candidates were able to mention social, climatic, political and economic factors which resulted in large areas of Africa experiencing famine in the 1980s. The best answers gave specific examples of the areas of famine. The most regularly mentioned were Ethiopia and Somalia. However, in several cases candidates interpreted the question pretty differently. Many candidates displayed sound knowledge of Africa in the 1980s but used this knowledge to explain why Africa was relatively poor compared to the rest of the world, rather than the specific issue of famine.Paper 9697/05 Paper 5 History of USA c. 1840 1968 General comments There was a co nsiderable increase in the number of candidates compared with June 2004. The overall standard was sound, but certain common weaknesses were evident, resulting in lower outcomes. The most common was failing to answer four questions, or alternatively only offering a few lines as answers. There were also a number of completely irrelevant answers which scored Band 7 (0-7 marks).However, the best scripts were a pleasure to read, being consistently relevant, well structured, analytical or explanatory, with good supporting evidence appropriately used. These scored Bands 1 and 2 (18-25 marks). One script even attained the exceptionally high mark of 96. The compulsory source based question, Question 1, was answered indifferently. To simply repeat and recycle the words of the sources with a few general remarks at the beginning and/or end of the response could at best only result in Level 3 (10-14 marks), and this is what most candidates did.To achieve the higher bands it was essential to use the sources as evidence, i. e. to interpret and evaluate them in their historical context. The most common failings in the essay questions (2-8) were over reliance on narrative and descriptive responses and a hesitation to engage in relevant analysis of the problems posed in the questions, O.K. up by good evidence in a dress outd structure. Comments on specific questions Section A The Road to Secession and elegant War, 1846-61 Question 1 It was the complete breakdown in trust between North and South that made compromise impossible. Using Sources A E, discuss how far the evidence supports this assertion. Only a minority of candidates evaluated the sources as evidence in their historical context, but those who did scored higher marks in Levels 5-6 (19-25 marks). A common failing was to put the case for or against the contention, whereas it is important to show the evidence for and against it and then to come to a conclusion as to which, in the candidates view, is better or more reliable.Few candidates noted that the sources came into three groups, A being two years before Lincolns election in November 1860, B and C being an immediate chemical reaction to his victory and D and E, after the secession of the lower south had occurred. Few candidates pointed out that Douglas was a professorshipial candidate in 1860 and only some explained what his doctrine of Popular Sovereignty involved and how it had proved unworkable in Kansas. Most candidates saw the significance of Stephens being later Vice President of the Confederacy, but few gave evidence of his strong pro-Union views until his home state of gallium seceded.The best approach was for candidates to give the evidence for the contention this would be Sources B, D and E in their historical context and then to give the evidence against the contention this would be Sources A and C in their historical context. Finally, the candidate should state his or her conclusion, or at the highest level, why sources poin t to a different hypothesis to that stated in the question, or alternatively, why the hypothesis should be modified in the light of the evidence. 9 9697 History June 2005 Section B Question 2 Mexico will poison us. United States? How accurate was this prediction of the effects of the Mexican War on the This was a very popular question with the great majority of candidates answering it. A significant number simply ignored Whitmans quotation and gave a descriptive account of the origins and course of the war. The majority of candidates went beyond this to point out that as a consequence of the enormous annexation of territory the thralldom question flared up violently with sectional tensions getting steadily worse and leading to secession and elegant war.The best responses went beyond this to point out that the ultimate result was not only a transcontinental nation from pacific to Atlantic but that the Union victory led to the elimination of the Confederate veto in the Senate an d that America became the most aggressively capitalist and individual nation in the world. It could be argued that the modern American nation took act upon as a result of the territorial annexations from Mexico. Question 3 I claim not to have controlled events but confess plainly that events have controlled me. (Abraham Lincoln, speech in 1864). Do you agree with Lincolns assessment of his Presidency?A very popular question but few really good responses most candidates played it safe by fully grown a descriptive account of Lincolns Presidency, in some cases going back long before he became President. The point of the question was not that Lincoln simply reacted to events but that many of the key events facing him were beyond his control. Obvious examples would be the acute sectional crisis of the 1850s, the whole hard workerry issue and the decision of the Lower South to secede and form the C. S. A. comparatively few pointed out that Lincoln was decisive and active when needed .Good examples would be his accomplishment in keeping Kentucky and Maryland from seceding, the liberty Proclamation, his flat refusal to negotiate terms with the Confederacy when this appeared to be the only way to end the war, as in the early half of 1864. He also standd to himself almost supreme powers in suspending, in effect, the Bill of Rights, introducing censorship and suspending Habeas Corpus. He also decreed and retained Grant amid much criticism and towards the end of his Presidency had a Reconstruction programme which, if implemented, might have reconciled the defeated South.Question 4 Explain why the United States became the worlds leading industrial nation in the period 1865-1900. A minority choice but reasonably well answered. The role of technological inventions was well handled and nearly all candidates discussed the endless supply of cheap and motivated labor by immigration. comparatively few mentioned cheap land or the fact that the US had a political and ef fectual framework in this period which was extremely booming to business and hostile to any degree of government in economic matters, with the partial exception of the railroads.There was an almost total lack of data for example, that by 1900 the US produced 30% of the worlds industrial goods. 10 9697 History June 2005 Question 5 How was it possible, in spite of constitutional protection, for the Southern States to pass up basic elegant rights to African-Americans from 1895 to 1964? A very popular question, though not very well handled, with unretentive discussion of the roles of Presidents Kennedy and Johnson in granting full civil rights. In theory the thirteenth, fourteenth and fifteenth Amendments had granted full legal and civic equality to the Freedmen.The basic problem, which few candidates mentioned, was that the whites had lost interest in the fate of the African-Americans the latter were a small minority in the nation and even in the former slave states they were a ma jority in only two states in 1900. As a result, the southern states were able by a variety of means, which were quite well described, to circumvent the plain intention of the Amendments by reducing blacks to the status of permanently second class citizens, denied the right to vote and access to the same level of education as the white majority.Most candidates mentioned the effect of the Supreme Court decision in Plessy v Ferguson. The role of the Ku Klux Klan in the 1920s was probably overstated and few mentioned FDRs juggling act in keeping the Solid South as part of his victorious coalition, while successfully wooing Northern blacks into choose for him. Most Presidents in this period were indifferent to black aspirations. Candidates correctly dwelt on Martin Luther Kings inspiring and intelligent leadership in the civil disobedience campaign from the 1950s onwards.Few mentioned his building up of alliances with Democratic politicians in the North, in particular Kennedy. The effec t of the Brown case was dealt with well and better responses highlighted the effect of the Cold War on putting pressure on the American political establishment to grant civil rights. None pointed to the jeering of the Texan career politician Lyndon Johnson pushing through the major civil rights legislation when his more high minded predecessors had been unable, or unwilling, to do so. Question 6 How different were the policies adopted by Hoover and Roosevelt to deal with the great(p) Depression?A popular question but candidates paid little attention to Hoover. Unlike Roosevelt, Hoover believed firmly that it was quite wrong for the federal official Government to engage in the regulation of, and interference in, the economy. No one mentioned that Hoover tried very hard to commit FDR to a law of continuation of his own policies even up to the day before FDRs inaugural in March 1933. Hoover was, of course, regarded as one of the great humanitarians of the twentieth century for his o utstanding work in famine relief in Russia in 1919 and 1920 and it is quite wrong to portray him as indifferent to suffering.His policies were, however, unavailing and from 1929 to 1933 unemployment, business failures and falling stock market prices grew steadily worse until it seemed that the whole financial system of the US was on the very edge of total collapse. While candidates were correct to portray FDR as both different from and more effective than Hoover, few made much sense of the famous New Deal. It was not a coherent, logical programme and at times it was not easy to see precisely what FDR was trying to do this was not helped by his persistent deviousness.However, he managed to infuse all around him with his unfailing sunshine and optimism (in contrast to Hoover) and he was clearly an activist ready to try any policy, however unorthodox, to beat the slump. As a result the popular image shifted and disaster was averted. Some candidates correctly pointed out that unemploy ment figures were still very high up to 1939. Question 7 Gradually and rather reluctantly, the United States became an imperial power and a military presence on a global scale. Is this a fair assessment of American foreign policy, 1890-1919?This question required skill in organisation as it covered two wars, but most candidates relied on a descriptive, rather than an analytical answer, and as a result the treatment of the 1914 to 1919 period was frequently hurried with, too a great deal, the Versailles tranquility Conference being ignored. Few were prepared to tackle the assertion contained in the question. The war with Spain was brutal and pitiless, resulting in de facto control of Puerto Rico, the Philippines, and in effect Cuba. There was certainly nothing accidental or hesitant about it. It did make the US a global, and in effect, imperial power.No candidate mentioned Theodore Roosevelts successful mediation in the Russo-Japanese war which resulted ironically in the Nobel Pea ce dirty money being awarded to one of the most aggressive and warlike US Presidents. Many candidates discussed Roosevelts acquisition of the Panama Canal and the launching of both the US Canal Zone, with sovereign powers, and the creation of the state of Panama being hived off from Columbia. The first World War was handled better, with most candidates being correct in describing President Wilsons determination to stay out of conflict.It is arguable that the US was slowly dragged into conflict once Russia had withdrawn in 1917, leading to the strong likelihood of German victory which financial considerations, among other factors, made impossible to the US. No candidate mentioned the famous Zimmerman telegram and its effect on US public opinion. In 1918 and 1919 Wilson seemed to develop illusions of grandeur in attempting to force his own internationalist ideals on reluctant Allies. 11 9697 History June 2005 Question 8 How far was increasing national prosperity from 1945 to 1968 s hared by all Americans?Very few candidates answered this question and none did particularly well. The main focus of responses was on the exceptions to the national prosperity, usually African-Americans, but the other pockets of poverty such as the rural poor, declining mining areas and Hispanic migrant workers, were usually ignored. One would have preferred to have seen much more discussion on why and how Americans became so prosperous in the post war period. only when among major powers, it gained enormously in wealth from the war and dominated the world economic scene during the whole period.The US was a major beneficiary of the long economic boom from post war reconstruction and the huge armaments intentness benefited greatly from the Korean War and the Cold War with the Soviet Union. These factors were ignored. Paper 9697/06 Paper 6 Caribbean History, 1794 1900 General comments In the main candidates attempted the required four questions, although there were a few who obvi ously spent too much time on Question 1 and either could not finish a fourth question or, in some cases, had failed to tackle a fourth question.As far as possible, candidates should give equal shares of the time available to each question as a telescoped or missing final answer will affect the examination result. Among the ways of avoiding the most serious consequences of failing to complete four full answers would be to plan responses to the questions so that, if need be, a firm portray of an answer could be given when time is running out, rather than written material two or three paragraphs which only represent a split up of the material a candidate may have available.Question 1 was always answered. Many candidates were able to consider critically the material in the sources and the reasons why they were written. Some answers only made use of the sources for their content and at face value. A number of candidates did not write a conclusion to their response and so failed to lin k what they had written to the statement in the hypothesis. Of the other questions, Question 4 was the most commonly answered followed by Questions 3, 2, 6 and 5 in the order of frequency.Though many candidates did use examples for their answers from across the whole Caribbean area, some answers were written in very general terms and, often, with the experience of the British Caribbean (or Jamaica only) in mind. Question 4 was an example of this, but answers to other questions sometimes had a similar appearance. In Question 2, abolition in the British colonies often took up more than half of an answer which should have given hump to French and Spanish experiences too. Detailed comments on the answers to all the questions follow later in the report.There were some examples of candidates embarking upon answering questions without sufficient thought or planning. Examples included Question 2, in which there were long accounts of how the slave trade in the British Empire was ended, whic h might have provided a single point about abolition but where a page and a half of detail represented a wasted opportunity to deal with the question more directly. Candidates probably needed to take some time to necessitate their ideas about Question 5 and to plan to cover both societies and economies. In general, scripts were well presented, though some candidates handwriting was difficult to read.A few candidates failed to arrange their scripts in proper page order and some did not number their questions. 12 9697 History June 2005 Comments on specific questions Section A Emancipation and its Consequences Question 1 As the nineteenth century progressed, it became clear that there was no future for the Caribbean scrawl assiduity. How far does the evidence of Sources A-E support this statement? The Level description for candidates to receive at least two-thirds of marks is that a candidate by interpreting/evaluating sources in context finds evidence to challenge and support the hypothesis. Evidence is a key word.Candidates should use all the sources, use them as more than a source of information and relate them to the hypothesis in order to gain a high mark. Responses to this question varied widely. Many considered at least some of the sources critically. Some answers were unnecessarily long. Sources A and B described the introduction of machinery to the processing of the chew up and gave a hopeful impression of the future of parts of the sugar industry in the early 1850s. Candidates raised questions about the possible attitude of the regulator of British Guiana in Source A and possible journalistic and pro- planter bias in Source B.Other points about the wide time scale of the sources and their limited geographical scope were made in order to assess the sources. Many missed the chance to use Source D (about the problems of the sugar industry in the British Caribbean, 1876-77) and Source E (on Cuban sugar turnout in the 1890s) to compare the seemingly di re situation in one part of the area at one time (Source D), with a more buoyant one a little later (Source E). In Cuba, sugar production recovered rapidly after the disasters of war, presumably because of the underlying strengths of the industry there.In addition, both could be related to the hypothesis and used to suggest that the situation of sugar production was not hopeless in every area and also to question whether Source D really indicated that there was no future for British West Indian sugar. Both Sources C and E were occasionally misunderstood when candidates did not read the extracts through to the end. Many candidates seemed to assume that each of the sources would be directly for or against the hypothesis where, in fact, it could be suggested that none is as clear cut as that.Section B Question 2 Discuss the factors which account for the abolition of slavery in British, French and Spanish colonies in the Caribbean. A strong point about many answers was that a number of factors, humanitarian activity, resistance of the enslaved, political and economic circumstances, were describe in the introduction. These themes were then continued through the essays with comparings of all three sets of experiences in concert or sometimes with British and French situations compared, followed by a section on Spain. The dominant subdivision was often material about British colonies.Individual factors sometimes were sketched in and there were examples where description replaced the discussion and weighting of the conglomerate factors. Treatment of economic and political factors was often slight in comparison with humanitarian activities and slave resistance. Dealing with France, only Victor Schoelchers influence tended to attract much attention and some candidates wrote little about Spain. Less successful answers took each countrys experiences separately and sometimes went back into the eighteenth century anti-slave trade movement in Britain in great detail.This led to over long essays which failed to deal adequately with the question. Question 3 Compare apprenticeship in the British Caribbean with the patronato in Cuba and assess their respective results. The comparison element in this question was usually well done and many candidates were well informed on the Spanish experience. Normally there was a reasonable attempt to compare the two schemes in terms of planter control, punishments, wages, manumission and judicial supervision. The premature ending of each was explained and many candidates judged the Spanish experience to be more humane and more successful than the British.There was a minority of candidates who gave great detail on the independence legislation but did not look at the working of the systems in much detail. 13 9697 History June 2005 Question 4 Assess the reasons why freed people left the estates where they had been slaves. This was the most widely attempted question in Section B. There was a tendency for candidates to p resent a series of possible explanations without any assessment or illustration to show the complexity of the situation or the time scale involved.In general, answers were restricted to the British Caribbean and mostly attempted to cover the push and pull factors. The most successful answers reflected an awareness of the debate among historians about the reasons why freed people left the estates, emphasising opportunities which freed people saw and exploited. Only a few answers dealt only with the rejection of plantation life and the consequent flight from the plantations. Some candidates used the development of the peasantry to 1860 as an illustration.Others made good use of the theme that emancipation widened the expectations of freed people. Question 5 To what extent were societies and economies of Caribbean colonies affected by emancipation up to 1900? Explain your answer. Many answers concentrated on economic change and did not reach the date 1900. Some largely reproduced mater ial which was appropriate to Question 4. More effectively, a large number of answers concentrated on the creation of the peasantry and its social and economic results, including the impact on plantation labour and the knock on effect of immigration schemes.Some candidates wrote about the diversification of crops and the export trade, using Jamaica as an example. Also mentioned were issues about the quality of life (family and education) and social development (village communities and financial cooperatives). Developments in education and health care were mentioned in some essays. There were some sound and well organised answers. Question 6 How far was there a labour crisis in the Caribbean sugar industry in the second half of the nineteenth century? This was a good question for those who were prepared to plan the answer on the extent of the crisis.Very few candidates did this. Most candidates discussed labour problems in general and the introduction of immigrant labour. Reference to a labour crisis was either non-existent or very brief, possibly a statement that from the landowners point of view, there was no longer an adequate or true(p) labour force or, with reference to Trinidad and British Guiana, that even in the slave period there was an insufficient supply of labour. Because of the tendency to deal with the labour issue rather than the labour crisis, most answers lacked emphasis in relation to the question.One plan could have been to deal with the idea of a crisis, a crisis for whom areas of crisis where there was no crisis (Cuba, Barbados). Question 7 How significant was discrimination based on gender in Caribbean societies after emancipation? Explain your answer. Answers tended to centre on examples of male dominance, though in any one answer few were mentioned. The main point made in relation to the How significant element in the question was that gender discrimination was one among a number of forms of discrimination in Caribbean societies.Most answers were short and limited in scope. Question 8 Explain how Haiti achieved and consolidated its independence. This question was based on the final section (VII) of the syllabus. Unfortunately, most candidates who attempted to answer it used material which was appropriate to the first two content sections. In consequence, few of the answers covered independence or the period which followed. Many answers dealt only with Toussaint, or even with earlier

High School Dropouts and Crime

WHAT FACTORS INFLUENCE HIGH SCHOOL DROPOUTS TO LEAD felonious LIVES? Michael Webbers 13APRIL2013 Criminology ADJ 107 Spring 2013 Professor George D. McMillan PurposeIt is extremely classical to abbreviate an program line and graduate graduate(prenominal) shallow. With disclose obtaining a game cultivate diploma, a GED or College Degree, an exclusive impart wish wellly experience great difficulties in finding and obtaining a logical argument. As a result of such basic educational requirements enforced by union and practically specifically employers an individual may in any case withstand a difficult epoch functioning and earning a reasonable income. Additionally, with no financial resources to complement a family, this puts the individual in the bottom 5 to 16 percentage of Ameri stomachs whom we deem to be in poverty. With disgust most appargonnt in the lower- and underclass, we advise make the presumption that a lot of cut down kayoeds come from these grou ps of individuals. To make a difference, we must parkway where in that respect is the greatest chance of dropouts, and that of course is at the bottom of the social pyramid. So, if we reduce the dropout grazes, it may serve well with the iniquity place.The intent of this re calculate proposal is to better see to it the practise of dropouts and the affect they take in on beau monde. more than than chief(prenominal)ly, it is to chance upon the problems so that the juvenile system can supporter obstruct further continuance and ultimately reduce the underclass iniquity rate in dropouts. In efforts to garter diminish the dropout rate, it can (1) stimulate the miserliness (2) decrease the amount of unemployment and (3) cut the size of the underclass in single-half, which in turn forget decrease the vast majority of visible crime.By devising it difficult for mellow shoal disciples to become predisposed to poverty and crime, we can improve the outcome for future generations. I want to better catch the internal cause of this phenomenon, exclusively in order to do that we have to start from the external cause. I am going to be aspect at how society is affected, as well as, how they affect the dropouts. On my search for information, I will try and obtain an interview with some r atomic number 18 instructmates who dropped out during our Sophomore yr at West Springfield luxuriously School.The reason they dropped out was constantly a mystery to me, and I always scarce thought to myself that, These people must be stupid, so they dropout. I was quick to learn how ignorant I was myself. BackgroundHigh crop beginning was never in reality tracked until the late 1900s. 3 So, dropout evaluate were never really a sought after statistic. Archived data has this instant been used to understand the graduation evaluate dating back more or little a century ago. In 1870, the earliest date on record, moreover 2 percent of 17- socio-economic cl ass-olds in the state had a secondary-level education.In 1940, for the archetypal sentence, half of all pupils finished advanced enlighten. Although graduation did not become an found norm until the 1950s, the U. S. graduation rate reached its historical uplifted point at the cobblers last of the 1960s, with the graduation rate peaking at 77 percent in 1969. 3 It looked as though superior nurture graduation was becoming a tr rarity, plainly something must have happened after Class of 69 to cause the national average to drop more than ten percent in just over 30 years.In the late 1980s, when modern-day data became right away available to globe take days, the graduation rate slowly was on the subside from record in high spiritss of around 70 percent. 3 The graduation rate plummeted during the former(a)(a) 1990s, eventually stabilizing around 66 percent by the end of the decade. As stated by the EPE search perfume, 2010 U. S. Department of Education, since then, g raduation rate has generally been characterized by gradual but steady improvements. The class of 2005 was once a give earning diplomas at a pace last seen in the early 1990s.However, devil sequentially annual declines since then have eroded the nations graduation rate, which stood at slightly less than 69 percent for the class of 2007. 3 With all this talk about graduating or not, the underlying reasons for the decline were unhearable of dropping out to help support their family financially, to pursue work, or plausibly the worst thing that can happen from dropping out of high schooling living the reprehensible breedingstyle. Key Questions What unfeignedly defines a high school dropout? What provokes students to drop out of high school?What is the dropout rate of high school students in Virginia? How do high school dropouts affect society? Are high school dropouts more habituated to transmit nefarious lives? How can society go about obstructing future dropouts? Introduc tion either year nationwide, thousands of students dropout of high school. Of these students, 54 percent of dropouts ages 16 to 24 were jobless, compared with 32 percent for high school graduates of the same age, and 13 percent for those with a college degree. 8 High school dropouts are a very drab topic in modern-day society.With such a debate about taxes and who should be paying for what, it is important to get an education not simply to voice an opinion, but not to be a detriment to the succeednce as a teen/ immature adult. High school dropouts scandalize the scrimping, costing the national government millions of tax payers dollars. Since dropouts are more prone to lead a lifestyle involved with drugs, alcohol, and early pregnancy, it is crucial to identify individuals early in their high school career, and give them the assistance mandatory to stay in school.By taking action in helping the company decrease the dropout rate and encourage more students to graduate, we can help our economy save billions of dollars a year. An growth in graduation rates can mean less tax payer money towards school assistance programs, and more tax payers to pay the government to maintain our cities and hold open crime off the streets. concord to the Virginia Department of Criminal Justice Services Research Center, poor earning power, unemployment, or frustration,1 may lead individuals to redact criminal acts. execration rates in Virginia are still on the low end of the spectrum, but by decreasing dropouts, we can keep the crime rates even lower. By helping in our alliance and informing schools of the on-going problem, it is possible to make a tremendous difference in our sparing state. What actually defines a dropout? In Virginia, we use the definition that was determined by the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES). Stated by the NCES, a dropout is an individual who was enrolled in school at some time during the previous school year but was not enroll ed on October 1 of the current school year.Or, they were not enrolled on October 1 of the previous school year although evaluate to be in membership and has not graduated from high school or completed a state- or district-approved educational program, and does not endure any of the following exclusions transfer to another public school district, cloak-and-dagger school, or state- or district-approved education program temporary school-recognized absence repayable to suspension or illness death. 2 The state does not consider students a dropout by merely not go to school, although that is the however way to pass and get a diploma, it is based on the students actual enrollment.What provokes students to drop out of high school? There are more factors that cause students to drop out of high school. Without identifying the specific cause for dropouts, it is tight to cheat how to help prevent it. One significant factor influencing high school dropout rates is family income. Alon g with income, older siblings or friends can ferment dropouts by dropping out themselves and ensuring it is the right thing to do. Ultimately, dropouts can be triggered out-of-pocket to the racial and gender attacks that seem more relevant these days. accord to the U.S. Department of Education, students from low-income families are six times more uniformly to drop out of high school than students from high-income families. 2 In other words, due to the predisposition to a life of poverty, it is more likely the student will end up in poverty due to incompletion of high school. mend living in poverty, school may not be the first thing on a students mind. Survival is always the most important factor to human beings. Without means of surviving, humans cant accommodate the other necessities, like getting a high school education.At a young age, it is really spartan to keep oneself away from drugs, alcohol, and crime. Students whose parents have low expectations are also more likely t o dropout of high school and resort to crime by means of rebelling against their parents. A study through with(p) by the New York propagation demonstrated that, high school dropouts will commit crimes to get an adrenaline kick and so that they can release some built up underline from the household. 8 What this means is that students have too a lot time on their hands, and too little time is spent concentrating on school work.Either the parents do not stress the importance of homework, or they are not there to help the student when he or she is struggling in class What is the dropout rate of high school students in Fairfax County, Virginia? Fairfax County, Virginia projected a much lower dropout rate in contrast with the national average. According to the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES), Virginias high school dropout rates have decreased in recent years,2 and subsequently the Virginias property crime rate (as measured per 100,000 population) was 2,250, a decline again from the previous year. Virginia has been on a good trend of cleaning our act up when it comes to twist around our educational system. According to the NCES Virginia had the 14th lowest dropout rate in the country. Virginias 2009 rate was also lower than the national rate of 4. 1 percent and the rates of its peer states. Tennessees dropout rate in 2009 was 3. 2 percent, North Carolina was at 5. 3 percent, and Marylands rate was 3. 0 percent. Wyoming had the lowest dropout rate in the nation in 2009 at 1. 1 percent. How do high school dropouts consequence society?High school dropouts destroy the nations warlike edge when it comes to education. The U. S. ranks 18th in high school graduation rates among developed countries, and workers with an education beyond high school are predicted to increase by only four percent through 2020. 2 At the same time, the nations senior citizen population will greatly increase over the next decade, particularly when compared to the yield of working-age Americans. This is going to lead to an increase of assisted living senior citizens. Furthermore, high school dropouts earn a tremendous amount less and contribute much less to stimulate the economy.The lifetime income difference between high school graduates and dropouts is estimated to be $260,000 the difference in lifetime income tax payments is $60,000. 6 What this shows is, dropouts alone are going to make a significantly less amount of money, but along side the fact that they live in poverty as a student, this just means they will be in more of a deficit as an adult. The combined lifetime earning losses of one group of 18-year-olds that never completes high school is $156 billion or 1. 3 percent of Gross Domestic Product.So, for example, if the United States was able to cut the number of dropouts in half, in a single cohort of 20-year-olds, the country would gain $45 billion through extra tax revenue and reduced public health, crime and justice, and welfare payment costs. 6 Moreover, families of high school dropouts are likely to be on some form of public assistance. For example, single mothers who lack a high school diploma are very likely to access housing assistance, food stamps, and/or federal assistance to needy families. If all single mothers obtained at least a high school education, the annual cost savings would be $3. billion. 6 We can clearly see that getting an education is crucial if there is any sight of having a family. Without any means of money and no education, it is extremely hard to get a well-paying job to survive in our economy. What is the a connection between dropouts and criminal activity? Dropouts are 3. 5 times more likely to be arrested than high school graduates and more than eight times as likely to be incarcerated, says School or the Streets Crime and Americas Dropout Crisis, a report from the non-profit organization conjure Crime Invest in Kids.What this can mean is that dropouts are seeing crime as an alternat ive. Through music, media, and social networking, students can be ofttimes aroused by the thought of stealing, gangs, or even killing to survive. Crime is talked about everywhere, including the news and social networks. To most citizens, it is a mystery at how people can commit such inhumane crimes. This can be understood by knowing the type of environment that the individual grew up in. For example, a student whose parents always fight, might come in to school and get in a lot of trouble because his anger towards his parents.On the other hand, if they lived in a neighborhood with gang activity and gun shots at night, they are more inclined to get involved with violent crime later in life. Students who dropout are more likely inclined to a criminal life to survive. A study by the New York measure showed that, male dropouts were 47 times more likely than college graduate to be jailed more than half, 53 percent to be exact, become recidivists. 8 By preventing dropouts, and increasing the amount of students going to college and continuing education, we can prevent more crime.How can society go about preventing future dropouts? Our society has been trying to combat the increasing number of teens dropping out of high school every day. The Advertising Council and U. S. Armys high school dropout prevention campaign evolved into the national Boost campaign. This campaign was established to help students get on a better track for graduation. Extra encyclopaedism assistance offered outside of school, and peer-to-peer learning classes for students to have one-on-one teaching in school.These programs help the students feel more inclined to succeed in high school and fill that gap of time students have after school to get involved with gangs or crime. Another good way the community helps students is by Big Brother Big Sister. They have been proven to help increase student grades, and help make it less likely students will interact with drugs and alcohol. This in turn wil l prevent students from having exposure to these things, and keep them from experimenting later in life. Also, another program dedicated to keeping students in school and away from crime is BoostUP.This group is sponsored by the AdCouncil and the U. S. Army to help students get support and assistance needed to graduate high school. methodological analysisFor a better understanding of high school dropout rates and the cause of them, I would first go to different high schools, in vary income areas, and obtain the names of the students enrolled in the previous year who are not currently enrolled. For example, get a describe of students enrolled before October 1, 2010 and then get a list of students who were not enrolled after October 1, 2011, and this will determine the list of dropouts.I would give each dropout a number, and then randomly choose the individuals with a random number selection software. I will have a survey for the student to fill out without the parents in the room t his gives the student the feeling of privacy, and hopefully more honesty in the answers. The questions would be cerebrate to how much time they have to do homework and if the parents help them along with how much time is spent doing chores around the house, and are their parents working a lot or unemployed. The income of the family is one concern, but at the same time, the psychiatric state of the student is most important.If the student is not doing well in school and feels like nothing will change, it can lead the student to be less motivated and more likely to follow the trend of dropouts. Understanding a students psychological state of mind can help draw trends about how other students are behaving in school. Field lop For my field work, I got in touch with an old friend to understand the cause of his dropout Sophomore year. At the time, I figured he just dropped out of high school because he was failing his classes. I never thought that there was more to it.I chatted with hi m over Facebook and asked a couple questions. He asked that I keep it anonymous. What caused you to drop out of high school? I was 15 years old, dating a girl for almost a year. It was our first time and we didnt use any protection. I got her pregnant and wanted to confide her because I was scared, but my mother told me that You got into this mess, so you have to handle it. I picked up a job doing yard work with my fathers company and he paid me under the table. I then had to use the money to support my wife, but also asked my mother for some help.When the baby was born, my wife and I approach more struggles than we could ever imagine. I was so busy with going to school and passing, my mother took care of my son. Going to school was one of my least concerns, especially since I was always thinking about the child. I didnt think it would contact me so much, but without providing for my own family, I felt like a useless father. At the end of my Freshman year, my father passed away from a heart attack. How did this effect your family? Peers? The event as a whole, dropping out and having a kid so early, really hurt my mother.I felt as though she looked down on me and thought worse of me because I wasnt like all the other kids who go to school. But after my father passed away, I realized how much my mother and siblings needed me there. I stopped attending high school Sophomore year to get a job at McDonalds and to continue working for my fathers company so I could provide for my family. My family wasnt the most wealthy, but we werent poor. My mother would always talk about me as The Man of the house. She worked full time so she wasnt home with all of the kids much.Without a father figure, it is hard to really grow up, and I had to play that aim for my younger brother, Juan who was 8 years old at the time. I am now working to get my GED, slowly, but it is in progress. It isnt easy to go back to school after being away from it for so long. flirt and family is s till my 1 priority, but school is decidedly a requisite in this day and age. I lost touch with all my friends, but its inevitable when you have a child at a young age, and work two jobs. Facebook helps, but I accepted it pretty easy knowing I had the love of my life and a family. What would you have done differently to prevent these effects? Wear protection But in all honestness, I wish I would have completed high school so that it would be easier to support a family. There isnt much you can do to prevent everything else that happened to me. I am glad I could learn from it rather than regress. I am now 22, working two jobs, have a wife, and a five and a half year old son who I provide for. School is extremely important and if you cant make time for that opportunity given to you, then I dont know what else there is to do.I couldnt prevent my fathers death, but I definitely should have gotten my GED sooner. It is hard to think of other ways I could have handled this of situation. Did dropping out of high school lead you to any crime? Gangs? No, never. My wife and I are very Christian and would never steal or commit crime. Maybe a traffic violation, but never any serious crimes. I have seen too many friends and family live a life of crime, and I have been to more funerals than I would ever like to. It definitely crossed my mind when I was still a teen, but Im much happier knowing I never resorted to illegal means to make a living.And no, never considered a gang because then it would have defeated my spirit of leaving school my family. Bibliography Unknown Author. (2010). The Importance of Education. Retrieved from http//education. laws. com/importance-of-education 1 National Center for Education Statistics (February 04, 2013). High School Dropout. Retrieved from http//vaperforms. virginia. gov/indicators/education/hsDropout. php 2 EPE Research Center. (2010). starting time by the Numbers Data file. Retrieved from http//www. edweek. org/ew/articles/2010/06 /10/34swanson. h29. html 3 SLJ Staff. (2008).Crime connect to Dropout Rates, Report Says. Retrieved from http//www. schoollibraryjournal. com/article/CA6590701. html 4 Johnston, Cindy. (2011). Series Overview The Cost Of falling Out. Retrieved from http//www. npr. org 5 Dianda, Marcella R. Ed. D. (November 2008). Preventing Future High School Dropouts An Advocacy and Action guide on for NEA State and Local Affiliates. Washington, DC National Education Association. 6 Dillon, Sam. (2009). cultivation Finds High Rate of Imprisonment Among Dropouts. Retrieved from http//www. nytimes. com/2009/10/09/education/09dropout. html? _r=0 8

Personal Reflection and What You Have Learned From Field Experience

We had visit to an orphans asylum named Rumah Hope which located in Paramount Garden , Petaling Jaya on second March. We entered the premises of the orphanhood with a sense of exciting and strange, as more(prenominal) than 50 pairs of mischievous eyes peered at us, and we made our way to the kitchen. The grammatical case started with introduction among us . The activities followed with Goy singing two beautiful songs. His vox touched the chord of each one present in the room.It followed with enjoyment games like Ice and Water where all the kids as well as the team members had a gala time running around. We created various role of activities for the kids and we could feel the happiness from them. I was the photographer at the moment and of product line , I took a lot of photos. By this time, everyone in the room was ravenous to the core. The kids were provided with a sumptuous meal of KFC funded by the us.One important detail which could oblige been missed was the way the ki ds prayed before commencing their lunch was a prayer which was direct by a small yet sprightly Jason. The visit to the orphanage not only showed us the ugly truth about life, it in addition gave us something to look within ourselves , that we were blessed in our present circumstances. The exist was harsh, like a slap on the face and yet it the silken smiles on the faces of each and every child on that day did more than just lift their spirits and look at the brighter side of what we had do for the children.

Comparison of Two Restaurants

Summary Restaurants commercial enterprise one of major regions of hospitality industry in United Kingdom. This assessment line in the briny counselinges on the analysis of two difference restaurants base on sustenance and drinking principles and theories. Here writer selected McDonalds Hanger pass for debased provender segment and ONeills Ealing for fine dine segments. Evaluation wreak establish on the writer go through of those two restaurants and used meal undergo check list prep ared using feed and beverage theories and supposition. In addition, writer created SWOT analysis for each restaurants for recruit analysis outdoor(a) and internal factors.Comparative analysis done using several topics for improve imbibe a shit understand for readers. Used difference academic journals, books and reputed entanglement settle detail for deliver evidence to support the discuss points by acknowledging relevant authors of more than(prenominal) valuable sources. In additio n, knowledge grab during the class contributed much to deal this assessment report. Prominent points highlighted during the conclusion for revise reader attention for much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) points and end of report try recommendations to the whatever(prenominal) restaurants to get up their business performance.There are main two point of accumulations of this this report, first, all provided recommendations relevant notwithstanding for discussed two restaurants and thorny to generalised and second, volume of points discussed base on writer acknowledged and that hold back possibility of involved of unintentional personal biased. 1. Introduction 2012 restaurants merchandise update of keynote shows that food for thoughtstuffplace value increase 1. 7% during the 2011 compare to 2010. political relation informed that UK emerging from inlet in this year by Wintour and Ste strugglet (2012). This shows the creating well-grounded business atmosphere w ithin the UK.Restaurants are one of main business sector within the hospitality industry and it has several types of categories such as fast foods, fine dining and ethnic special. This report mainly focuses on the compare and contrasts the two differences restaurants, based on the writer meal experienced of those two restaurants and finally try to smashs suggestions that strategic for improve customer experience and sale of such restaurants. Here writer selected ONeills Ealing mainly for fine dining restaurants and McDonalds Hanger path t for fast food casual restaurants.This comparative analysis base on the writer experienced of those two restaurants and use Meal experience check list (See supplement 1) for evaluate these two restaurants. These two restaurants working on difference market segments, however base on the food and beverage theories can soft analysis and evaluate two restaurants. 2. Overview of Restaurants 2. 1. O Neills Ealing ONeills is one of restaurants reac h of Mitchells and Butlers PLC operation in England and they are specialisation of Irish foods however they offer both table dhotel and A la carte menus.Other than restaurants facilities, ONeills excite finish section. This restaurants under the non-captive market and they have powerful strength from the mother company that leader within the UK for Restaurants and Pub including brands the likes of Harvester and all bar one (www. mbplc. com). however, Ealing ONeills need to differentiate itself to brass greater competition from surrounds restaurants in Ealing subject field (See extension 2 for SWOT ONeills Ealing). 2. 2 McDonalds Hanger avenue (Near Quill Street) The worlds largest mobile set up restaurants and 1200 restaurants set within the UK (www. cdonalds. co. uk). However McDonalds under semi-captive food market because customers can choice only from offer alternatives. Open in 24 hours and drive through facilities adds more strength for Hanger Lane McDonalds isola ted from the reputed global name. (See vermiform process 3 for SWOT McDonalds Hanger Lane) 3. Comparative synopsis This comparative analysis and evaluation doing in using separate topics and only consider the restaurants part and not consider their additional activities such as bar in ONeills and drive through process of Mc Donalds . 1. Service SystemMcDonalds following fast food service system and ONeills following fine dining service. McDonalds constantly follow single point service and take away service however ONeills use waiters assistant systems. Both restaurants service are well livelihood and sire replete(p) service for customers. Restaurants service systems direct effect of the kitchen stove of the restaurants and that enhance the customer loyalty. (Ryuet al. 2012) 2. Staff Staffs of both restaurants are well prepare and committed to provide full customer satisfaction with higher sound practices.All mental faculty members wear proper dress code and very(prenomin al) gracious and try to provide best options for customers. Observed that, McDonalds staffs mainly follows the grater convertible control procedures and O Neills staff more empowerment for taken almost lasts. Highly standardised lead to more control of staff in Mc Donalds (Ingram and Jones 1998). Employee empowerment enhance customer responsiveness and as well as employees retention with organization (Ashness and Lashley 1995). 3. Use of picky Equipment and Services Two restaurants always try to use more effectual equipment to reduce energy consumption.McDonalds using high efficiency British Thermal Unit (BTU) fryer to reduce energy consumption and give quick service to customers. O Neills also follow chiliad concept and energy consumption reduce strategy (Mitchell and Butler yearly report 2011). Card payment accepts by both restaurants that give more convenient for majority of customers. 4. Meal Experience 3. 4. 1 Interior Ar runment, laurel wreath and Entertainment ONeills midland design and dining vault of heaven prepare for more comfortable and classic way for retention customers more time within the restaurants.Arranged place to facilitate personal and business raillery among the customers and provide slight normal music for give higher heart to customers. Every Friday and Saturday ONeills provides live music for customers. ONeills provide high class tableware and decoration of all tables. McDonalds interior design comparatively low and provide plastic chairs and tables and no much intention to keep customers long time in restaurants due to concept of fast food serving (Lillicrap and Cousins 2010). Customers repurchasing behaviour and satisfaction highly weigh on customer waiting time in fast foods kitchen stove return (Law et al. 004). Therefore, McDonalds essentially focus to provide higher figure of speech of customers within limited time. ONeills lighting arrangements comparatively good and it provide more tie and comfort for long-t erm parole. However, McDonalds hanger lane does not use specific lighting arrangement. 3. 4. 2 Safety and sound Hygienic conditions are higher in both restaurants and displayed the council certificate, resort notice, set fire to and whole restaurants clean and tidy. This is the last part of the food supply chain and majority of customers believe that restaurants maintain good hygienic conditions (Knight at el. 007). harmonise to the Mitchel and Butler annual report, all food suppliers require to meet British Retail Consortium Global Certificate requirement and need to face regular safety and part audits. McDonalds has get food fiber audits systems (www. mcdonalds. co. uk). 3. 4. 3. Food Price Price is essential factor for purchasing decision of consumer (Mendez et al. 2006). Observed that both restaurants provided good value for money and this confirmed by few consumers in two restaurants as well as writer give experienced. However, ONeills need to consider their food dama ge for face competition in Ealing.Competitive pricing lead for footing war and that can affect for long term sustainability of business (Davis et al. 2008). 3. 4. 4 Food, deglutition and Menu ONeills provide eight difference menus basically focus in Irish foods and provide special menu for kids and Sunday. On the other hand, McDonalds provided own menus basically focus on the fast food category. Two restaurants always keep their menus within some limitation with less(prenominal) variation. However, O Neills menus are very displumeive and give full description for customers (see Appendix 4) (http//www. oneills. co. k/oneillsealing). O Neills provides foods very decorative way compare to McDonalds (see Appendix 5) and both restaurants provide foods in good temperature. Foods aroma was fantastic in both restaurants that enhance appetite of customers. Beverage supply was very good in both restaurants. 3. 4. 5 Customer Segments O Neills major customer range is people who like to go ou t with business discussion or friends or get some functions to meet each others. However McDonalds major customer range is people who hurry to tycoon or school with kids and back to home at evening.Identify of customer segments is important for sustain in business (Kotler and Keller 2006) 3. 4. 6 Location and Facilities Both restaurants located at very convenient place to consumers, however McDonalds Hanger Lane have very good vehicle set facilities ONeills Ealing does not have. McDonalds Hanger lane located near the traffic strain lights that give added advantage showing their name for majority of customers use Ealing itinerary (see Appendix 6). In addition, MacDonalds Hanger lane opens 24 Hours for customers. However O Neills Ealing have open limited time for day.McDonalds provides large-minded Wi-Fi and babe Changing facilities for their customers. 7. Promotions Both restaurants provide special offer for focus market segments, example that ONeills provide Three meals for charge two and McDonalds provide 4 weeks for 4 tastes. Promotions are important for build good customer relationship and attract potential customers (Kotleret al. 2010). 4. identification of Present course of instruction in Food Industry Both restaurants not flop address present trends and food related health numerate witan the UK. One or more than one shows diagnosis or undiagnosed diabetic within 20 people in UK (Diabetic in the UK 2012). 010 NHS info showed that 26% of adults (age above 16) and three of ten boys and girls (age between 2 to 15) showing either overweight or obesity within UK. However, Observed that both MacDonalds and ONeills not change for their foods for cater this incumbent trend. In addition, predicted 10. 3% increase of the UK vegetarian foods market within next v years and main retailers such as ASDA, TESCO, Morrison and Sainsbury already started their vegetarian series ( quinine water marketplace assessment 2012). However, both McDonalds and O Neil ls not properly address this virgin market trend in UK. 3. 6 gross revenue MixObserved that Hanger Lane McDonalds main sales product is Burgers and other main sales products are sandwiches, dessert, chips and beverages. Proper awareness of sales mixes importance for fix price of products as well as manage revenue (Kotleret al. 2010). However, Irish foods are the main sales products of O Neills and find that majority of customers prefer for their Irish foods. 3. 7 selling McDonalds comparatively have powerful trade strategy than the ONeills. McDonalds have some benefits of marketing due to global brand and product range is curious for every McDonalds.However, each of franchise has limited resource for own marketing process that related for area. McDonalds have single mesh come in that covering all outlets in UK, however ONeills Ealing has their own nett page under ONeills main web (see Appendix 7). This is give opportunity for customers to directly contact Ealing management, find the new functions and specific menus. However, McDonalds web site is more attractive than O Neills web site and it include nutritionals value and allergic selective information of the foods (See Appendix 8).McDonalds provide special service for their customers McDonalds on your phone that give location of nearest outlet, menus and latest promotion (www. mcdonalds. co. uk). 4. cobblers last These two restaurants cater their service for difference customer segments in market. However, observed that they always try to dominate in their market segments and very less consideration of current market trends in UK such as such as healthy foods and vegetarian foods. Both restaurants committed to give full customer satisfaction and try to attract customers using difference promotion and good-looking high quality safe foods.Both restaurants have proper identification of own sales mix and they use specific marketing strategy to enhance competitive edge in own market segment. 5. Recomme ndations All discussion based on these two restaurants and therefore these recommendations relevant only for above two restaurants and difficult to generalised. O Neills Ealing 1. promote variation of foods in menu This is important to attract customers who have difference needs such as Chinese, Mexican, vegetarian, diabetic foods etc. 2. Consider the food price quest to consider price of foods with compare competitors especially near the Ealing area. . Separate bar area from restaurants. Bar together with restaurants area give some check for family dining. Therefore, important of physical separate of dining area from bar section to attract more families to restaurants. 4. Band competition They can invite Ealing area musical bands to perform in their restaurants that give more attract of topical anesthetic residents and young people to restaurants. 5. can nutritional value in in foods That important to customer to select best suit foods for them and give attraction of cust omers. 6.Phone application to customers iPhone, Android, Blackberry, Ovi ONeills special promotion, menus and special news, this important to always keep customer live with restaurants. 7. endeavour to get some parking slot beside road side after discuss with Ealing Council. Especially Friday and Saturday nights. 8. ply loyalty card to regular customers to enhance revisit of regular customers. 9. declare oneself discount and promotion during the winter period to attract more customers by considering present positive condition of economic growth of UK. McDonalds Hanger Lane 1.Increase seating capacity keep more employees that enhance their attraction of McDonalds products. 2. Concern of healthy foods and vegetarian foods Need to consider present market trend of healthy foods, especially foods related to children. 3. pull up stakes more attraction inertial decoration That gives more attraction of customers to restaurants. 4. Provide attractive lighting system. 5. Provide foods in more decorative way to enhance customers attraction. 6. Give some higher consideration and facilities to on-site eating customers like takeaway customers. 7. Try to provide combo pack or student pack for attract families and students. . Install indication board beside Ealing road side before the outlet to enhance remind for customers before see outlet and provide information of additional facilities. 9. Start some functions or entertainments, especially at Friday or Saturday to attract customers. Bibliography Ashness, D. and Lashley, C. (1995) Empowering service workers at Harvester Restaurants. 24(8), p. 17 32. Emerald Personnel review Online. Available at http//www. emeraldinsight. com get toed 28 October 2012. Guardian. co. uk (2012) GDP figures show UK emerging from recession full reaction. 25 October 2012 Online.Available at http//www. guardian. co. uk/business/2012/oct/25/gdp-figures-uk-emerging-recession-full-reaction%20-%204/11/2012 Accessed 3 November 2012. http//ww w. diabetes. org. uk/Professionals/Publications-reports-and- resources/Reports-statistics-and-case-studies/Reports/Diabetes-in-the-UK-2012/ (2012) Online. Accessed 28 October 2012. http//www. ic. nhs. uk/pubs/opad12 (2010) Online. Accessed 28 October 2012. http//www. oneills. co. uk/oneillsealing/ (2010) Online. Accessed 25 October 2012 Ingram, H. and Jones, S. (1998) Teamwork and the management of food service operations. 4(2), p 67-73.Emerald Team Performance Management online. Available at http//www. emeraldinsight. com Accessed 28 October 2012. Keynote (2012) Market Update 2012 Restaurants Knight, A. J. , Worsoz, M. R. and Todd, E. C. D. (2007) Serving food safety consumer perceptions of food safety at restaurants. International diary of Contemporary cordial reception Management, 19(6), p. 476-484. Emerald Online. Available at http//www. emeraldinsight. com Accessed 28 October 2012. Kotler, P. and Keller, K. L. (2006) Marketing Management. 12thed. New Jersey Pearson prentice h all. Kotler, P. , Makens, J. C. and Bowen, J. T. 2010) Marketing for Hospitality and Tourism. 5thed. New Jersey Pearson prentice hall. Law, A. K. Y. , Hui, Y. V. and Zhao, X. (2004) Modeling repurchase frequency and customer satisfaction for fast food outlets. International Journal of Quality & dependableness Management, 21 (5), p. 545-563. Emerald Online. Available at http//www. emeraldinsight. com Accessed 28 October 2012. Lillicrap, D. and Cousins, J. (2010) Food and Beverage Service. eighth ed. London An Hachette. Mendez, J. L. , Oubina, J. and Rubio, N. (2006) Explanatory factors regarding manufacturer brand Journal of Product & brand name Management, 15 (6), p. 02-411 Emerald Online. Available at http//www. emeraldinsight. com Accessed 28 October 2012. Mitchell and Butler annual report 2011. Ryu, K. , Han, H. and Jang, S. (2010) Relationships among hedonic and utilitarianvalues, satisfaction and behavioral intentions in the fast-casual restaurant industry. International Jour nal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 22(3), p. 416-432 Emerald Online. Available at http//www. emeraldinsight. com Accessed 3 November 2012. www. mbplc. com. www. mcdonalds. co. uk Appendix 1 Meal Experience Check List . Physiological and Food quality Description of items real at ease incertain Dissatisfied Very Remarks satisfied Dissatisfied Variation of foods ( Vegetarians or diabetic) Presentation of food ( Decoration) Colour of foods try of foods Texture of foods Temperature of foods Variation of beverage Temperature of beverage Selection of condiments e. g. alts, sauces, pepper attribute of foods Portion of beverage Consumer specific Quality of food serve worldwide hygienic conditions Economical and convenient Description of items Very satisfied diffident Dissatisfied Very Remarks satisfied Dissatisfied Prices of foods Price of beverage s convenient location Special offering Outdoor catering Home delivery recent service Parking facilities Service and restaurants conditions Description of items Very satisfied unsure Dissatisfied Very Remarks satisfied Dissatisfied Staff greet pleasantly Staff knowing of regular customers Staff attention to the customers Staff uncoerced to service to customers Manger attention to customer Waiter take ordinance properly Staff understand of the products ( special offer, prices) to select proper food and beverage Staff friendly and polite Service fast and quick Staff wearing proper attire Decoration of restaurant neaten of restaurants Tables are clean Tables arrange properly Table is enough quad to keep foods Staff give correct bills and changes for customers Restaurants open hours S taff receipt when leave the restaurants External appearance of restaurants Interior colour of restaurants Temperature conditions in restaurants scope music Live music Table decoration Type of linen paper Appropriate tableware Furniture conditions Arrange of tables Layout of restaurants Sign of rest room Access of disabilities Children play area Tidiness of the rest room Marks Very Satisfied 5, Satisfied 4, Unsure- 3, Dissatisfied 2, Very dissatisfied 1 Appendix 2 SWOT Analysis for ONeills Ealing. Strengths Weakness Reputed field of study brand and Mother Company. In side bar lead to backward for family dining especially with Specialization of Irish foods. children. Performing of Live bands that not in other restaurants near Ealing No proper parking area. area. Foods price comparatively high. Located near the Ealing shopping complex area. Web site not attractive. Bar facilities. Attractive decorations and arrangement. Quality service with experienced staff. Provide decorative foods. High clean and hygienic conditions. Eating out increase in UK Quality certification. Opportunities Threats Can provide other specific menus like Chinese and Indian cuisine. high bite of competitive restaurants in Ealing. Enhance seating facilities. Less prices foods and drinks introduce by surround restaurants. Healthy food e. g. diabetic Retails group (e. g. TESCO , M & S) introduce they are own foods. magnet can be improved. Majority of customers knowing specialization for Irish foods only. violate promotion ability. Higher control from Mother Company leads less reaction for situation Emerge of UK economy from rescission. and location. Showing the nutritional values in foods. Extreme weather conditions. Use of new technology to contact customers. E. g Phone update Rising of fuel and employee cost. Possibility to provide more sophisticated products. Majority of customers cut of their eating out during the recession. Increase of number of restaurants direct to price war. Appendix 3 SWOT Analysis for McDonalds Hanger Lane. Strengths Weakness Reputed Global Brand. seating condition not comfortable. 24 Hours opening. Seating capacity very low. Drive through Process. Lighting arrangement not attractive. No competitive restaurants nearby. Less decorative of foods. Close to busy Ealing road. receivable to quick service oriented less concern of inside customers. elephantine parking area. Holidays less vehicles use of Ealing road. Wi-Fi facilities. Trained staff. Clean and tidy environment. Baby changing facilities. Attractive website. Phone updates facilities. Quality certification. Opportunities Threats Can increase seating capacity. Possibility of come new restaurants nearby areas. Concern of healthy foods. E. g Diabetic Concern of Healthy foods. Introduce spec ific foods e. g vegetarian, Mexican. Marketing mainly decide by Head office. Attraction can be improved. Retails group (e. g. TESCO, M & S) start to introduce they are own go bad promotion ability due to location. cafe and foods. Emerge of UK economy from rescission. Higher traffic in Hanger Lane during the busy hours, reluctant to Introduce of innovative products. turn for McDonalds. Extreme weather conditions. Appendix 4 O Neills Menu. pic pic Source O Neills restaurants menu Appendix 5 characterisation of Decorated ONeills Foods. pic Source Food decoration picture taken from ONeills website. Appendix 6 Location of McDonalds Hanger. pic pic Source McDonalds Hanger lane photos taken by writer Appendix 7 Web page O Neills Ealing. pic Source ONeills web page Appendix 8 McDonalds web site with nutritional value and allergic information. pic Source McDonalds web page